专业四级：词汇、语法详细解答40套(23)a 词汇, 语法, 四级, 专业, 解答

幽幽草

Test TwentyThree
近义词辨析
intelligent, clever, bright, wise, smart
这组词均含“聪明”之意。
intelligent
强调有学识、理解力或推理能力并能运用智力。
clever
为普通用词，表示敏于学习和理解，思想、手段灵敏，但是缺乏深度和广度。
bright
常用来形容年轻人或小孩，多用于口语。
wise
是正式用语，用于人，表示智力发达，明辨是非，有健全的判断力，知识渊博，经验丰富。smart
常用于通俗口语，表示“机灵，精明，潇洒”之意。
When the water pipe burst, she was intelligent enough to turn off the water at the main.水管爆裂时，她的聪明才智使得她能够立刻切断主管道水源。
It’s really clever of you to find your way back here.你能找到回来的路，真聪明。
The girl is bright beyond her years.这个女孩年龄不大却很聪明。
It’s easy to be wise after the event.事后聪明容易。
The students look smart in their new school uniforms.这些学生穿着新校服很帅气。
capable, able, competent
这组词均含有“有能力”的意思。
capable
强调有适合做某事的才能，如适应能力、应变能力，尤指处理实际工作的能力，常用于be capable of这一词组中。
able
指具有明显地超出平均水平的能力，常用于be able to do结构中。
competent
意为“胜任的，称职的”，指具有满足专门行业要求的能力。如：
He is capable of leadership.他有领导才能。
Tom is the ablest man I’ve ever met in England.汤姆是我在英国遇见的最有能力的人。
She was very competent at her work.她很胜任自己的工作。

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试题答案与解析

1． A)【句意】你的考试成绩相当令人满意，但是，如果你少费点时间踢足球的话，成绩不更好吗？

【难点】虚拟语气中，如果表示与过去事实相反的假设，则虚拟从句中谓语

应采用过去完成时，而虚拟主句中的谓语动词应使用would have done(been)形式。

2． D)【句意】我已经不想说服他了，跟他争论毫无意义。

【难点】There is no point in doing sth意为“做某事毫无意义”。

3． A)【句意】批评和自我批评是必要的，因为它有利于我们改正错误。

【难点】in that 往往用于引导原因状语从句，放在句中而不在句首，意为“因为，原因在于”。

4． B)【句意】令我吃惊的是，大多数学生赞成他的建议。

【难点】majority为集合名词，意为“大多数”，相当于most,如果所修饰的是可数名词的复数形式，其后谓语也应该采用动词的复数形式。

5． B)【句意】事实上，受到父母严格、一贯而且合理的教导的那些孩子，往往自信心很强。

【难点】be inclined意为“常常，往往”，后接动词不定式，表示某种倾向。

6． C)【句意】在朋友的帮助下，他终于在大楼锁门之前做完了这个实验。

【难点】manage to do 意为“（经过努力)做成某事”；manage后跟的宾语只能使用to+动词原形的形式。

7． A)【句意】为什么邀请她参加聚会的建议前天遭到拒绝?

【难点】某些表示建议，提议，意愿，要求和命令等意义的名词，后跟的表语从句和同位语从句的谓语动词一般采用（should）+动词原形的虚拟形式。参见Test 19的“疑难攻破”。

8． A)【句意】办公室的工作人员集合起来听经理讲话。

【难点】Staff为集合名词，意为“全部工作人员”，通常被看作复数名词，所以它作主语时，谓语动词应该用相应的复数形式。

9． B)【句意】他刚打开门，一阵风就把蜡烛吹灭了。

【难点】英语中经常用hardly /scarcely …when或no sooner …than 作为固定搭配，表示“一…就”。含有此结构的句子，表示从句中的动作一发生，主句中的动作随即发生，并且如果hardly /scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，则从句的主语和谓语必须倒装，在以上结构中，主句一般用过去完成时，从句一般用过去时，所以符合以上条件的只有选项B)。

10． C)【句意】工人们正在为即将到来的除夕晚会练习演唱一首新歌。

【难点】practise 为及物动词，后跟名词或动名词形式，类似的动词还有：finish （完成），consider （考虑），avoid （避免），mind （在意），suggest（建议，提议）等。

11. A)【句意】他措辞谨慎、清晰，但似乎没说明什么。

【难点】distinct 意为“明显的，清楚的；清晰的”：distinctive意为“有特色的”；distinguishable意为“可辨别的”；distinguished意为“卓越的，杰出的”。

12． C)【句意】翻译对老人喋喋不休的描述只做了简要翻译。

【难点】condensed 意为“缩短的，缩写的”；minimum意为“最低的；最小的”；tiny意为“极小的，微小的”；compressed意为“压缩的；压紧的”，不能指语言。

13． B)【句意】我跟他面熟，但从未跟他说过话。

【难点】know sb by sight 是习语搭配，意为“与某人只是面熟”；in sight 意为“被看见”；from sight 和for sight不是习惯搭配。

14． C)【句意】政府已作出不懈努力，力求把支出降低到预期水平。

【难点】cut down意为“减少，缩减”；cut off意为“中断，打断”；cut back 意为“缩减（生产），削减（支出）”，常与on搭配使用；cut short意为“使停止，中断，打断”。

15． C)【句意】他们在挖掘，企图找到维京时期的遗物。

【难点】trace意为“痕迹；踪迹”；track意为“（人，物，事等）踪迹；（轮船，飞机）航迹；车辙”；trait意为“特点，特征，特性”；tract意为“大片土地，地带”。

16． B)【句意】魔术师手一挥，小兔消失了。

【难点】vanish 意为“突然不见；消失”；linger 意为“继续存留；缓慢消失”；hover意为“徘徊，逗留在近旁”;soar意为“翱翔，升高，升腾”。

17． B)【句意】她有一个磨咖啡的小机器。

【难点】grind 意为“碾碎，磨碎”；break 意为“破碎，断裂”；split 意为“劈开，撕开”；crash 意为“坠毁”。

18． C)【句意】养外国造的车的麻烦是，零件太贵。

【难点】spare 意为“备用的，预备的”，spare parts 是“零件”；extra 意为“额外的，追加的”；separate 意为“分开的，分离的；各个的”；reserve 意为“储备”，不作形容词。

19． D)【句意】他每次给父母写信，都会附上一张支票。

【难点】enclose意为“把…附在信中”；include意为“包括，包含；contain意为“包括”，与include 相似，但include指包含内容一部分，而contain则包含整个内容。

20． A)【句意】从太阳获得的能量在夜晚被利用，这使得必要的化学反应在他体内继续进行。

【难点】proceed意为“（尤其在停顿或打断后)继续进行；继续前进”；practise意为“从事（职业）”，如行医，作律师；progress意为“前进，行进，进行”；precede意为“（顺序，位置或时间上）处在…之前，先于”。

21． C)【句意】当空军少尉彼得•博鲁离家出差时，他的邻居帮他的妻子做家务。

【难点】give sb a hand 意为“帮把手，助一臂之力”；give aid to sb 意为“向某人提供帮助”，help 和aid 相似，只不过后者一般为书面语；lift意为“（给步行者）搭便车，免费搭车”。

22． C)【句意】目前，由于天气寒冷，大连蔬菜短缺。

【难点】shortage 意为“缺少，不足”，常构成短语 a shortage of ;need 意为“需求，要求”；want 意为“贫困不足”；desire 意为“欲望，愿望”。

23． D)【句意】当我听到身后有脚步声时，我害怕自己受到攻击。

【难点】terrify 意为“使害怕”，be terrified of 意为“对…感到惊惧”;horrify意为“使震惊；使生反感”；horrible意为“令人恐惧的，可怕的；骇人听闻的”；terrific意为“棒极的，了不起的”。

24． C)【句意】他的疾病使得他不能集中注意力。

【难点】incapable意为“无能力的，不能的”，后接of;unable 意为“不能的，不会的”，后接动词不定式;powerless 意为“无能的，无力量的，无权力的”；incompetent意为“不称职的，不胜任的”。

25． A)【句意】现在孩子们大了，我让他们自己作决定，我决不擅自干涉。

【难点】presume意为“胆敢，冒昧”,后接动词不定式，用第一人称时为客套语;resume意为“重新开始，继续”；assume意为“假定，假设；臆断”；force 意为“强迫，迫使”。

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全真模拟试题

1. Your examination results were quitesatisfactory, but ____ if you had spent less time in playingfootball?

A. wouldn’t they have been better

B. wouldn’t they be better

C. won’t they have been better 

D. won’t they be better

2. I have given up trying to convince him, there is no point ____ with him.

A.by arguing B. with arguing

C. for arguing D. in arguing

3. Criticism and selfcriticism is necessary ____ it helps us to correct our mistakes.

A. in thatB. such thatC. so thatD. to that

4. To my surprise, the majority of the students ____ in favor of his proposal.

A. isB. areC. beD. was

5.As a matter of fact, children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined ____ high level of self confidence.

A. possessB. to possess 

C. to have possessed D. possessing

6. He managed, with his friend’s assistance, ____ before the building was locked.

A. being finished B. be finished

C. to finishD. being finishing

7. Why was the suggestion that she ____ to our party rejected the day before yesterday?

A. be invitedB. to be invited

C. being invitedD. has been invited

8. The office staff ____ gathered to hear the manager speak.

A. haveB. is beingC. hasD. is

9. ____ the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out.

A. He had no sooner opened 

B. Hardly had he opened

C. Scarcely did he opened

D. No sooner did he open

10. The workers are practising ____ a new song for the coming evening party of the New Year’s Eve.

A. to singB. to be singing

C. singingD. being sung

11. His speech was careful and ____ but his words seemed to make no sense.

A. distinctB. distinctive

C. distinguishableD. distinguished

12. The interpreter gave only a ____ version of the old man’s long rambling account.

A. minimumB. tinyC. condensedD. compressed

13. I know him ____ but I have never actually spoken to him.

A. from sightB. by sight 

C. in sightD. for sight

14. Strenuous efforts have been made to ____ government expenses to a desired level.

A. cut offB. cut backC. cut downD. cut short

15. They were digging to find some ____of the Viking Period.

A. tracksB. traitsC. tracesD. tracts

16. With a wave of his hand, the conjurer made the rabbit ____.

A. lingerB. vanishC. hoverD. soar

17. She has a small machine for ____ coffee beans.

A. breakingB. grindingC. splittingD. crashing

18. The trouble with owning a foreign car is that ____ parts are so expensive.

A. extraB. separateC. spareD. reserve

19. Whenever he writes to his parents, he ____ a check with his letter.

A. includesB. containsC. insertsD. encloses

20. The energy gained from the sun can then be used during the night to enable the necessary chemical reactions to ____ in his body.

A. proceedB. practiseC. progressD. precede

21. When Mr.Green was away on business, his neighbor gave his wife a(n) ____ with the housework.

A. aidB. helpC. handD. lift

22. There is a ____ of vegetables in Dalian at the moment because of the cold weather.

A. needB. wantC. shortageD. desire

23. When I heard footsteps behind me I was ____ of being attacked.

A. horrifiedB. horribleC. terrificD. terrified

24. His illness made him ____ of concentration.

A. incompetentB. unable

C. incapableD. powerless

25. I let children make their own decisions now they are older; I wouldn’t ____ to interfere.

A. presumeB. resumeC. assumeD. force