专业四级：词汇、语法详细解答40套(13)a 四级, 语法, 词汇, 专业, 解答

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Test Thirteen
引起倒装的前置状语
当句首状语为否定词或带否定意义的词语时，一般引起局部倒装。这些词语常见的有：never, not for one minute, no longer, on no account, no more, nowhere else, at no time, hardly, scarcely, rarely, not for nothing等。例如：
Never have I found him in such a good mood.
句首状语若由“only+副词”、“only+介词词组”、“only+状语分句”构成，也可引起局部倒装。例如：
Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.
以关联连词not only(but also)和so(...that)开头的句子，通常引起局部倒装。例如：
So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.
近义词辨析
gaze, glare, gape, peer, stare
这组词均含有“注意地或专注地看”的意思。
gaze
指长时间目不转晴地看或凝视，常用于表达惊奇、羡慕或心不在焉的心情。
We gazed at the rough sea lost in thought.我们凝视波涛汹涌的大海，陷入沉思。
glare
指怒目而视，敌视或仇视。
People glared at the man who had assassinated their premier.人们愤怒地瞪着刺杀了他们总理的凶手。
gape
指目瞪口呆地凝视，常有发呆的意味。
Tourists gaped at the animal keeper feeding meat to the lions.游客们目不转晴地看着饲养员给狮子喂肉。
peer
指眯起眼睛窥视。
The detective peered into the room through his binoculars.侦探用望远镜向屋内窥视。
stare
指睁大眼睛看，带有好奇、猜疑或傲慢等含义。
The girl stared at the beggar instead of giving him some money.小女孩冷冷地盯着乞丐，没给他钱。

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试题答案与解析

1． D)【句意】蒸汽机是将热转化为能的一个例子。

【难点】heat是不可数名词，是being turned的逻辑主语。

2． D)【句意】从本质上说，理论是对虚构现实的一种抽象的并具有象征性的展示。

【难点】介词of后应接宾语，B)和C)为定语从句，但无先行词；A)中it为多余，只有D)为名词性从句，可作of的宾语。

3. C)【句意】猴子要到几岁的时候才能表现出脱离母亲而独立的迹象。

【难点】否定词not用于句首，要用倒装句，即把句子谓语的情态动词或助动词提到主语前面。

4． C)【句意】人们将使用电视在家里舒舒服服地购物，可以通过屏幕进行订货，所需支付的款项可直接从信用卡扣除。

【难点】此句为独立主格，分句动词应用分词形式。

5． A)【句意】一个女人如果想走男人的一半距离的话，那么她的体力必须是男人的二倍。

【难点】表示“有…几倍好”用“几倍+as+adj +as”结构。

6． A)【句意】我们刚上车，就下起雨来了。

【难点】hardly位于句首，句子要用倒装形式。Hardly通常与when连用，表示“一……就……”

7． A)【句意】对不起，我不能跟你去，但是我希望你玩得愉快。

【难点】wish的祝愿句中，wish后的直接宾语通常是名词。

8． C)【句意】我们多次警告他们不要这样做。

【难点】“Many a time”引导倒装。

9． A)【句意】他们这个月生产的钢琴比上个月多十台。

【难点】表示程度的状语应放在比较形容词或副词前面。

10． C)【句意】他饿极了，点了两份鱼。

【难点】portion意为“（食物的）一份”；share意为“一份，份额”，指数量讲；part意为“部分”；section意为“（事物的）部分；（文章等的）段落，节”。

11． A)【句意】最好的学生被颁发特殊奖学金。

【难点】award意为“授予；颁发”；reward意为“酬谢，奖励”，常与with连用；forward意为“促进，推动”；honor意为“使增光，给…以荣誉”。

12． C)【句意】她站起身，用激烈的言辞表示反对。

【难点】object意为“反对，不赞成；提出异议”,指有不同意见。oppose意为“反对；反抗”，及物动词;reckon意为“计算；数”；shout意为“叫喊”。

13． B)【句意】瘫痪后，珍妮不得不去习惯失去自由行动能力的状态，她讨厌依赖他人做她以前自己能做的事情。

【难点】autonomy意为“人身自由；自主权”；authority意为“权力；管辖权”；attraction意为“吸引”；dependence意为“依靠，依赖；依赖关系”。

14． D)【句意】字写得不好在打字机和电脑时代算不上不利条件。

【难点】liability意为“不利条件，妨碍的人（或物）”；difference意为“差异”；possibility意为“可能性”；convention意为“社会习俗”。

15． B)【句意】一般认为初级年级是从幼儿园到三年级。

【难点】primary意为“初级的；小学的”，primitive意为“原始的，上古的；早期的”；promising意为“有希望的，有前途的；大有可为的”；preceding意为“在前的，在先的”。

16． B)【句意】这顿饭真好吃，尤其是梨，很香。

【难点】delicious意为“美味的，可口的”;flavored意为“特殊风味的”；tasteful意为“有鉴赏力的；趣味高雅的”；gracious意为“亲切的，和蔼的；殷勤的”。

17． B)【句意】由于跛足，他不能玩运动量大的游戏，他的父母给了他很多昂贵的玩具作为某种形式的补偿。

【难点】compensation意为“补偿”；remedy意为“补救；纠正（办法）”；treatment意为“治疗，疗法”；comfort意为“安慰，慰藉”。

18． D)【句意】未来的科学发现将在多大程度上延长人的寿命呢？

【难点】prolongation意为“延长，拉长”；increase意为“增加；增大”；expansion意为“扩大，扩充”；growth意为“增长，增加；生长”。

19． B)【句意】正当事业处于顶峰的时候，她出了车祸，受了重伤。

【难点】peak意为“顶点，顶峰”，常用于词组at the peak of 中；bloom 意为“开花期；繁花盛开”，常用于词组 in the bloom of …；excess意为“超越，越过”；extreme意为“极度（状态）”。

20. A)【句意】爱国主义情操应该受理智控制吗?

【难点】sentiment意为“情操”，含有较大的理智因素。affection意为“喜爱，爱心”，指热烈亲切慈爱的感情。emotion意为“情绪，激情”，主要指精神上的感情。passion意为“热情，激情”，指一种与理智相对而言的强烈的情感，这种情感往往使一个人的判断受到影响。

21． C)【句意】耐普博士昨天没去纽约参加儿子的婚礼而是飞到芝加哥去看花展。

【难点】instead of 意为“代替，而不是”；on the contrary 意为“正相反”；in spite of 意为“不顾，尽管”;because of 意为“由于，因为”。四个词组中，只有instead of 后面可接动名词doing的形式。

22． C) 【句意】我想，在吃点心前桔汁和土豆片就足以吃饱了。

【难点】prior to 意为“在…以前，先于”；due to 意为“由于，因为”；as to 意为“至于，关于”； according to 意为“根据，按照”。

23． B)【句意】对多数本科生来说，博士学位是一个遥远的前景。

【难点】prospect意为“（经济、地位等）前景，前程；景象”；theme 意为“主题，题目”；threshold意为“门槛；开端”；token意为“标志，象征，记号”。

24． D)【句意】该党得票下降暗示该党的政策缺少支持。

【难点】indicative意为“象征的，暗示的”，后接of，构成词组；authoritative意为“权威性的，可信的”；acute意为“尖锐的，敏锐的”；adverse意为“不利的，有害的”。

25． C)【句意】柏拉图的教学对亚里士多得有深远的影响。

【难点】effect意为“作用，影响”，have an effect on …意为“对…有影响。”sentiment意为“感情，意见”；affect意为“影响，假装”，是动词；sanction意为“赞许，支持；鼓励”。

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全真模拟试题


1. Any steam engine gives us an example of ____ into work.

A.heats having turnedB. heats turning 

C. heats having been turnedD. heat being turned

2. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of______ reality.

A. what it is conceived B. that is conceived

C. that is being conceivedD. what is conceived to be

3. Not until a monkey is several years old ____ to exhibit signs of independence from its mother.

A.it does beginB. when it begins 

C. does it beginD. before it begins

4. Television will be used to enable customers to shop from the comfort of their homes by simply ordering via the TV screen, payment____ by direct debit of their credit cards.

A. making itB. is made

C. being madeD. will be made

5. A woman has to be ____ a man to go half as far.

A. twice as good as B. as twice good as

C. twice good asD. twice so good as 

6. Hardly had we got on the bus ____ it began to rain.

A. whenB. sinceC. butD. before

7. I’m sorry I can’t go with you, but I wish you ____.

A. a good timeB. have a good time

C. to have a good timeD. will have a good time

8. Many a time ____ them not to do so.

A. we have warnedB. do we have warned

C. have we warned D. warned we have

9. They have produced ____.

A. 10 more pianos this month than last month

B. 10 pianos more this monththan last month

C. 10 pianos this month as many as last month

D. 10 as many pianos this month as last month

10. He was hungry and ordered two ____ of fish.

A. sharesB. partsC. portionsD. sections

11. The best students are ____ special scholarships.

A. awardedB. rewardedC. forwardedD. honored

12. She stood up and ____ in strong language.

A. opposedB. reckonedC. objectedD. shouted

13. After becoming paralysed, Jane had to get used to the loss of____.She hated having to depend on others for things she once did for herself.

A. authorityB. autonomy

C. attractionD. dependence

14. Having poor handwriting is not much of a ____ in an age of typewriters and computers.

A. differenceB. possibility

C. convention D. liability

15. The ____ grades are generally considered to be kindergarten through third grade.

A. primitiveB. primaryC. promisingD. proceeding

16. The meal was excellent; the pears were particularly____.

A. flavoredB. deliciousC. tastefulD. gracious

17. His parents give him many expensive toys as some form of ____for his lameness and inability to play active games.

A. remedyB. compensation

C. treatmentD. comfort

18. To what extent will future scientific discoveries make possible the ____ of the human life span.

A. increase B. expansion

C. growth D. prolongation

19. She was at the ____ of her career when she was badly injured in the car accident.

A. bloomB. peakC. excessD. extreme

20. Should the ____ of patriotism be controlled by reason

?A. sentimentB. affectionC. emotionD. passion

21.____ going through to New York yesterday to attend his son’s wedding, Dr. Knapp flew to Chicago for a flower show.

A. On the contraryB. In spite of

C. Instead ofD. Because of

22.____ to the question of refreshments, I should think orange juice and potato chips will be sufficient.

A.DueB. AsC. PriorD. According

23. To most of the undergraduate students, the doctoral degree is a distant ____.

A. themeB. prospectC. thresholdD. token

24. The party’s reduced vote was ____ of lack of support for its policies.

A. authoritativeB. acute

C. adverseD. indicative

25. Plato’s teaching had a profound ____ on Aristotle.

A. sentimentB. affectC. effectD.sanction