专业四级：词汇、语法详细解答40套(39)a 四级, 语法, 词汇, 专业, 解答

幽幽草

Test ThirtyNine
近义词辨析
flaw, defect, fault, mistake, error
这组词都表示“错误，缺陷”。
flaw
原意为“裂缝，裂隙”，引申为“缺点，漏洞，瑕疵”，表示存在的或出现的某种破坏了完好统一体的因素，强调对完美性或有效性的损害。
defect
意思是“欠缺，不足”，指缺乏达到完善或发挥效用所需要的东西，也常指一般的缺陷。
fault
意思是“缺点，毛病；错误，过错，责任”，一般指性格上的弱点或行为上的过失及责任。
mistake
指由于认识上的缺点而无心犯下的错误。
error
常指违反一定标准而犯的错误。mistake和error虽然常常通用，但在习惯搭配中不能互换。
如：
I can’t detect any flaw in his ingenious theory.在他的精妙理论中我找不到任何漏洞。
No one is without defects.人无完人。
She always finds fault with me.她总挑我的毛病。
I took her gloves by mistake.我错拿了她的手套。
Every man is liable to err.人人都难免犯错误。
freedom, liberty
这组词均含有“自由”的意思。
freedom
强调不受外界任何限制和约束，或者可以完全按照自己的意愿行事。
liberty
侧重于从所受的压制或压迫下解放出来。
如：
In some countries, there is no freedom of the press.在一些国家里没有新闻自由。
All the prisoners in the concentration camp wanted their liberty.集中营里所有囚犯都想得到自由。

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全真模拟试题

1. John said that he didn’t quite ____and asked me to repeatwhat I had said.

A.snatch upB.summon upC.catch onD.watch out 

2. On weekend my grandma usually ____ a glass of wine.

A.subscribesB.engagesC.hangsD.indulgesin

3. At the party we found that shy girl ____her mother all the time.

A.depending onB.coinciding on

C.adheringtoD.clinging to

4. The schoolmaster ____ the girl’s bravery inhis opening speech.

A.applaudedB.enhancedC.elevatedD.clapped

5. The Space Age ____in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union.

A.initiatedB.originatedC.embarkedD.commenced

6. As you have seen, the value of a nation’s currencyis a____of its economy.

A.responseB.revelationC.reactionD.reflection

7. If the world is to remain peaceful the utmost effort must be made by nationsto limit local ____.

A.collisionsB.combatsC.contradictionsD.conflicts

8. Some studies confirmed that this kind of eye disease was ____in tropical countries.

A.perpetualB.prospectiveC.prevalentD.provocative

9. David likes country life and has decided to ____farming.

A.go in forB.go back on

C.go through with D.go along with.

10. I am afraid that you have to alter your ____ views in light of the tragic news that has just arrived.

A.pessimisticB.indifferentC.distressingD.optimistic

11. Jack was about to announce our plan but I ____.

A.put him through B.turned him out

C.gave him up D.cut him short

12. Many people think of deserts as ____ regions, but numerous speciesof plants and animals have adapted to life there.

A.voidB.virginC.barrenD.wretched

13. The politician says he will ____ the welfare of the people.

A.prey onB.take onC.get atD.see to

14. A budget of five dollars a day is totally ____for a trip round Europe.

A.inadequateB.incapableC.incompatibleD.invalid

15. If you ____the bottle and cigarettes,you’ll be much healthier.

A.take offB.keep offC.get offD.set off

16. Bill is example of a severely disabled person who has become ____ at many survival skills.

A.proficientB.persistentC.consistentD.sufficient

17. The ties that bind us together in common activity are so ____that they can disapppear at any moment.

A.trivialB.fatalC.tentativeD.feeble

18. Diamonds have little ____value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.

A.extinctB.permanentC.surplusD.intrinsic

19. The kitchen was small and ____so that the disabled could reach everything without difficulty.

A.conventionalB.compactC.compatibleD.concise

20. The original elections were declared ____ by the former military ruler.

A.voidB.vulgarC.surplusD.extravagant

21. Some criminals were printing ____dollar bills until they were arrested.

A.decentB.fakeC.patentD.suspicious 

22. The directions were so ____ that it was impossibleto complete the assignment.

A.ingeniousB.ambitiousC.notoriousD.ambiguous

23. Because a degree from a good university is the means to a better job,education is one of the most____ areas in Japanese life.

A.sophisticatedB.competitive

C.considerate D.superficial

24. A terrible traffic accident happened; people were saddened when they watched the ____.

A.panicB.patrioticC.patheticD.periodic

25. Some people think that a ____translation, or word for word translation, is easier than a free translation.

A.literalB.literaryC.liberalD.linear

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试题答案与解析

1. C)【句意】约翰说他不大明白,要我再说一遍。

【难点】catch on意为“理解”，用于口语;snatch up意为“抓住某物”;summon up意为“鼓起(勇气等);watch out意为“当心，监视，注意”。

2. D)【句意】每逢周末我祖母都要喝上一杯酒享受一下。

【难点】indulge in意为“沉湎于”;engage in或be engaged in意为“忙于，从事于”;subscribe to意为“预订(书报等)”;hang on意为“坚持”。

3. D)【句意】聚会时我们发现那个腼腆的姑娘总是紧紧抓住她母亲。

【难点】cling to意为“紧紧抓住”;depend on意为“依靠，取决于”;coincide意为“相符，与…一致”;adhere to意为“粘附，遵守，坚持”。

4. A)【句意】校长在开幕词中赞扬了这位姑娘大无畏的精神。

【难点】applaud意为“鼓掌”，表示赞许;clap作“鼓掌”解时与applaud同义，却无“称赞”之意;enhance是“提高(价值)，增加(美丽)”的意思;elevate意为“提高(思想觉悟，嗓门等)，振奋(精神，情绪等)”。

5. D)【句意】太空时代始于1957年10月，那时第一颗人造卫星是由苏联发射升空的。

【难点】commence意为“开始”，作及物或不及物动词均可；initiate是及物动词，意为“开始，发起，创始，倡议”；originate可作及物动词和不及物动词，作不及物动词，意为“发源，来自，产生”，作及物动词，意为“引起，创始，发明”；embark意为“开始”，后接on。

6. D)【句意】正如你所看到的那样，一个国家货币的币值反映了这个国家的经济情况。

【难点】reflection意为“反映”；response意为“反响”；revelation意为“透露”；reaction意为“反应”。

7. A)【句意】要想让世界保持安宁，各国必须尽最大努力减少地区冲突。

【难点】collisions意为“冲突”;combat意为“战斗”;contradiction意为“(意见等)相互矛盾，冲突”;conflict意为“冲突(指处于战争状态或激烈的争吵)”。

8. C)【句意】某些研究证明，这种眼病在一些地处热带的国家中流行。

【难点】prevalent意为“流行的”;perpetual意为“永恒的”;prospective意为“预期的”;provocative意为“挑衅的”。

9. A)【句意】戴维喜爱乡村生活，决心从事农业。

【难点】go in for意为“从事，进行”;go back on 意为“违背”;go through with意为“将…进行到底”;go along with意为“赞同，支持”。

10. D)【句意】根据得到的不幸消息，你所持的乐观看法恐怕要变变了。

【难点】optimistic意为“乐观的”;pessimistic意为“悲观的”;indifferent意为“冷漠的”;distressing意为“使人痛苦”。

11. D)【句意】杰克正准备宣布我们的计划时，我打断了他。

【难点】cut short意为“打断(某人)”;put somebody through意为“为某人接通电话”;turn someone out意为“驱逐某人，使某人离开”;give someone up 意为“把某人交给，招供出某人”。

12. C)【句意】很多人认为沙漠地区一片荒凉，可仍有无数的动植物适应在那里生存。

【难点】barren意为“不毛的”;void意为“无效的，空的”;virgin意为“未经开发的”;wretched意为“可怜的，讨厌的，拙劣的”。

13. D)【句意】这位政治家说他将保证人民享有的福利。

【难点】see to意为“负责处理”;prey on意为“捕食，折磨”;take on意为“承担”，后接表示“任务”之类的词”;get at意为“意指，意思是”。

14. A)【句意】到欧洲旅行，五美元一天的预算是不够的。

【难点】inadequate意为“不足的”；incapable意为“无能力的”；incompatible意为“不相容的”；invalid意为“无效的，作废的”。

15. B)【句意】如果你戒烟戒酒，你的身体就会好多了。

【难点】keep off意为“远离”；take off意为“起飞”；get off意为“(从汽车、火车等交通工具)下来；set off意为“激起，引起，动身，启程”。

16. A)【句意】严重残疾的人也能熟练地掌握很多生存技能，比尔就是例证。

【难点】proficient意为“熟练的”；persistent意为“持续的，不懈的”；consistent意为“坚持的”；sufficient意为“充分的，足够的”。

17. D)【句意】将我们维系在一起进行共同活动的纽带是不牢靠的，随时都会消失。

【难点】feeble意为“软弱的”；trivial意为“微不足道的”；fatal意为“致命的”；tentative意为“尝试性的”。

18. D)【句意】钻石本身没有什么价值。它昂贵的价格完全是物以稀为贵的缘故。

【难点】intrinsic意为“内在的”；extinct意为“灭绝的”；permanent意为“永久的”；surplus意为“过剩的”。

19. B)【句意】这间厨房小巧紧凑，残疾人可以很方便地取物。

【难点】compact意为“小巧的”；conventional意为“传统的”；compatible意为“协调的”；concise意为“简洁的”。

20. A)【句意】原先的选举被前军事独裁者宣布为无效。

【难点】void意为“无效的”；vulgar意为“粗俗的”；surplus意为“过剩的”；extravagant意为“奢侈的”。

21. B)【句意】有几个犯罪分子被捕前一直在印假美钞。

【难点】fake意为“假的”；decent意为“体面的，适当的”；patent意为“公开的，显然的”；suspicious意为“可疑的”。

22. D)【句意】指示太不明确，无法完成这项任务。

【难点】ambiguous意为“含糊的”；ingenious意为“奇妙的”；ambitious意为“有抱负的”；notorious意为“臭名昭著的”。

23. B)【句意】由于名牌大学的学位可以使人找到好的工作，因此在日本，教育是最具竞争的领域。

【难点】competitive意为“竞争的”；sophisticated意为“老于世故的”;considerate意为“考虑周到的”;superficial意为“肤浅的”。

24. C)【句意】发生了一场可怕的交通事故。当人们看到那些可怜的受害者时，感到很难过。

【难点】pathetic意为“可怜的”;panic意为“恐慌，使受惊(用作名词或动词)，in a panic意为“惊慌失措”;patriotic意为“爱国的”;periodic意为“定期的”。

25. A)【句意】有人认为直译，即逐字翻译，比意译更容易。
【难点】literal意为“字面的”;literary意为“文学的”;liberal意为“自由的”;linear意为“线性的”。