专业四级：词汇、语法详细解答40套(30)a 四级, 语法, 词汇, 专业, 解答

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Test Thirty
近义词辨析
choose, select, pick out
这组词皆有“选择”之意。
choose在这三个词中是最常用的，可以表示进行一般的“选择”，有时也可以表示“决择”，它较侧重意志和判断。
select和pickout 而select和pick out通常指在三者或三者以上中作出选择。
select比 pick out 更为正式，select通常指经过慎重考虑而作出的选择select和choose有时可以通用，主要不同在于：choose往往指以个人的好恶或对个人是否合适为标准来“选择”，而select则更加强调被“选择”的事物在客观上的优劣。
choose有“选定之后就要坚持从事”的意思，而select则没有此意，例如在选择一生的职业、事业及爱人等时，只能用choose而不能用select。
choose一般指在两者之间作出选择，有时也可指在三者之间作出选择。
The samples are for you to choose from.这些样品供你挑选。
Most of the delegates to the conference are selected from model workers.出席大会的大多数人是从工人模范中挑选出来的。
The couples decide to choose gardening as their profession.这对夫妇决定选择园艺作为他们的职业。
Mary spent three hours picking out a red skirt at the store.玛丽花了三个小时在店里挑了一条红裙子。

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全真模拟试题

1. The committee members resented ____ themof the meeting.

A. the president that he did no tell 

B. the president not to inform

C. the president’s not informing 

D. the president that he failed informing

2. Nancy hasn’t begun working on her Ph. D. ____ working on her master’s.

A. still because she is yet

B. yet as a result she is still

C. yet because she is still

D. still while she is already

3. The ____ capacity of the stadium has been enlarged.

A. sittingB. seatC. seatedD. seating

4. Mr. Cooper gave his money to those whom he considered ____.

A. as most worthy B. as being most worthy

C. was most worthyD. most worthy

5. Coal, though ____ than either oil or gas, is still a finite resource.

A. much energy more abundant source

B. the much more energy abundant source

C. a much more abundant energy source

D. energy source more abundant

6. The fuzzy, overstuffed quality of nineteenthcentury prose resulted from using ten words ____ one wouldhave sufficed.

A. whereB. whichC. thatD. what

7. I didn’t go to the party last night, because ____, I changed my mind.

A. on a second thought B. by second thoughts

C. on second thoughtsD. on the second thought

8. I’d get it for you ____ I could remember who last borrowed it.

A. except thatB. if only

C. on condition that D. considering whether

9. In 1890 there were many American cities and towns where part of a day’s school instruction was conducted in languages ____ English.

A. more thanB. exceptC. other thanD. except for

10. The student was delighted to be offered a summer job ____.

A. that rewarded two dollars hourly

B. that paid two dollars an hour

C. with twodollar pay in an hour

D. with a pay of twodollar per hour

11. The news you told me the other day has to be ____.

A. conformedB. confirmedC. informedD. affirmed

12. Quite a few people watch TV only to ____ time.

A. spareB. spendC. wasteD. pass

13. She has only a twoweek vacation during the year ____ that other workers get more time off.

A. in spite ofB. besides

C. despiteD. despite the fact

14. Some hard plastics can be ____ metals in manufacturing machine parts.

A. substituted forB. taken the place of

C. replaced in D. given way to

15. I noticed the meals were well ____ what was charged for him.

A. worthwhileB. worthy ofC. worthyD. worth

16. He broke the world ____ for the 200meter race.

A. gradeB. levelC. standardD. record

17. The accident did very little ____ to either car.

A. destructionB. ruinC. damageD. disaster

18. He rescued the child at the ____ of his own life.

A. dangerB. riskC. hazardD. edge

19. The children performed a very ____ dance for their parents.

A. graciousB. smartC. gracefulD. precise

20. People improperly dressed will not be ____ to this hotel.

A. acceptedB. admittedC. permittedD. allowed

21. My father was ____ by the neighbors that we were in great danger.

A. warnedB. chargedC. accusedD. blamed

22. Jones and Edwards are, ____, the producer and director of the movie.

A. responsively B. respectfully

C. respectively D. respectably

23. Peter was ____ to Ted for not having attended the party.

A. excusingB. punishingC. apologizingD. pardoning

24. I cannot read your writing. It is ____.

A. illegibleB. legibleC. eligibleD. ineligible

25. I’ll try as hard as I can but I don’t think I have much ____ of winning the game.

A. luckB. opportunityC. chanceD. fortune

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试题答案与解析

1. C)【句意】委员会成员对总统不通知他们参加会议感到愤怒。

【难点】resent是及物动词，后面要求接动名词。本句中，动名词前多了一个逻辑主语，所以要在逻辑主语后加’s才能构成正确的语法形式。

2. C)【句意】南希还没有开始攻读博士学位，因为她仍在读硕士学位。

【难点】yet和现在完成时的否定式连用；still和现在进行时连用。

3. D)【句意】体育场的座席容量增大了。

【难点】seating意为“座席排列，席位排列”；seated意为“就座的，坐好了的”；seat意为“座位”；sitting意为“正坐着的”。

4. D)【句意】库柏先生把钱给那些他认为最值得给的人。

【难点】在whom引导的限制性定语从句中，whom作considered的宾语，considered要求宾语的后面加宾语补足语，这个宾语补足语一般为形容词。四个选项中，只有D)合乎语法要求。

5. C)【句意】虽然煤是一种比石油和天然气都丰富的能源，但它仍然是一种有限的资源。

【难点】本句考查层迭修饰。energy source为“能源”，前面用abundant修饰，变成“丰富的能源”，后面再加much more变成比较级，与than呼应。source为可数名词。

6. A)【句意】十九世纪散文那种模模糊糊、堆砌词藻的写作风格源于本来一个词就足够的地方却用了十个词这一现象。

【难点】where引导一个表示地点的定语从句。

7. C)【句意】昨天晚上，我没去参加晚会，因为三思后，我改变了主意。

【难点】on second thoughts意为“进一步考虑之后”，是习惯搭配。

8. B)【句意】我要是能想起来上次是谁借的，我就把它给你拿来。

【难点】if only后接虚拟语气的句子，与题意正相符。

9. C)【句意】1890年，许多美国城镇里的学校都用英语以外的语言进行一部分教学活动。

【难点】other than意为“…以外的，不同于”；except意为“除了”，常用于否定句，但不用于句首。except for意为“除了”，指不同类事物；more than意为“多于，不仅仅”。

10. B)【句意】这个学生得到一个暑假勤工俭学的机会，每小时两美元，他感到十分高兴。

【难点】that引导一个限制性定语从句，修饰job。two dollars an hour符合语言习惯，其它几项不符合语言习惯。

11. B)【句意】你那天告诉我的消息有待于进一步证实。

【难点】confirm意为“证实，确定”；conform意为“遵从，一致，适应”；inform意为“通知，告知；报告”；affirm意为“证实；断言”，与confirm不同。affirm是将某事肯定

下来，而confirm是证明一件事的真假。

12. D)【句意】很多人看电视是为了消磨时光。

【难点】pass意为“度过(时光)”，pass time意为“消磨时间”；spare意为“腾出；抽出”；spend意为“花(时间)；度过”；waste意为“浪费，滥用”。

13. D)【句意】尽管其他工人有更多的时间休息，而她全年只有二个星期假期。

【难点】in spite of等于despite,都是介词，意为“尽管，虽然”，后接名词；besides意为“除了”；despite the fact后接that引导的同位语从句，正合题意。

14. A)【句意】在生产机器零件时，有些硬塑料可被用来代替金属。

【难点】substitute…for…意为“用…代替”；take the place of意为“代替(某人)”；replace意为“代替，取代；接替”；give way to意为“让步；屈服”。

15. D)【句意】我注意到这些饭菜很值他所付的钱。

【难点】worth意为“值得”，后接名词或动名词；worthwhile意为“值得的；值得做的”；worthy意为“应得的”，后常接of。

16. D)【句意】他打破了200米跑世界记录。

【难点】record意为“记录”；grade意为“(用字母表示的)成绩，分数”；level意为“水平，程度”；standard意为“标准，水准”。

17. C)【句意】那两辆相撞的小汽车受损不大。

【难点】damage意为“损害，损失”，用于词组do damage to 中；destruction意为“破坏；消灭”；ruin意为“灭亡，没落，毁灭”,disaster意为“灾难，大祸”。

18. B)【句意】他冒着生命危险救了那个孩子。

【难点】at the risk of意为“冒…的危险”，是习惯搭配；risk是“风险，冒险”；danger是“危险”；hazard意为“危险，危险物”，是书面语，后接to;edge意为“边缘”。

19. C)【句意】孩子们为家长表演了优美的舞蹈。

【难点】graceful意为“优美的，优雅的；得体的”；gracious意为“亲切的，和蔼的；有礼的”；smart意为“漂亮的，时髦的；巧妙的”；precise意为“准确的，精确的”。

20. B)【句意】穿着不得体的人不准进入旅馆。

【难点】admit意为“准许进入”；accept意为“接受，接收”；permit意为“准许”，用于permit sb to do结构中；allow意为“允许”，用于allow sb to do结构中。allow与permit有所不同。allow指给予权力或特权，或表示不使用权力来制止；permit表示经过同意而准许或授权，暗指有权阻止某事发生。该词还可指因符合行政法令而允许。

21. A)【句意】邻居警告我父亲说我们处于危险之中。

【难点】warn意为“警告；告诫，提醒”；charge意为“告发，控告”；accuse也是“控告，告发”；blame意为“责备；非难；谴责”。accuse和charge有所不同。accuse直接涉及的行为者为人，常指直接或尖刻的归罪或指责；charge用于正式语体中，指法庭依法控告，常指犯罪的严重性及指控的正式性。

22. C)【句意】琼斯和爱得华分别是这部电影的制片人和导演。

【难点】respectively意为“各自地，分别地”；responsibly意为“负责任地”；respectfully意为“恭敬地”；respectably意为“可观地”。

23. C)【句意】彼得正为没参加那个晚会向泰得道歉。

【难点】apologize意为“道歉”，用于apologize to sb for sth结构中；excuse意为“原谅，宽恕”；punish意为“惩罚”；pardon意为“饶恕；原谅”。excuse与pardon有所不同。excuse指原谅在谈话中或交往中出现的错误行为或犯错误的人；pardon较为正式，常指对做错事的人予以宽恕，尤指由国家机关按法律正式赦免。

24. A)【句意】我读不懂你写的字，太潦草。

【难点】illegible意为“(字迹)模糊的，难以辨认的，难读的”；legible意为“(字迹)清楚的，易读的”；eligible意为“有资格当选的，有条件被选中的”；ineligible意为“无资格的；不合格的”。

25. A)【句意】我将尽我所能，但我想我没有多少赢得比赛的运气。

【难点】luck意为“运气，命运”；opportunity意为“机会，时机”；chance意为“机会，可能性”；fortune亦为“运气，时运”。opportunity和chance辨析：opportunity指为做某事提供了开端的机会，特别是适合于自己爱好、抱负、目的、愿望的机会或前提。chance主要表示幸运或偶然的机会；特别是在否定的表示中，只表示公平或正常的机会。