专业四级：词汇、语法详细解答40套(26)a 四级, 语法, 词汇, 专业, 解答

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Test TwentySix
近义词辨析
range, reach, scope, compass, scale
这是一组表示“范围”的名词，其侧重点各有不同。
range
代表的是一个可以测量的范围，在这个范围内包括一系列可变化的数量。range还特指视力、听力所能达到的距离和枪炮的射程。
reach
特指伸手可达到的距离或非常近的距离，其比喻含义指能力、权力、影响等可达到的范围。
scope
指人们所处理、研究的事物的“范围”以及所掌握、控制的“面积”。scope的比喻含义指的是所掌握的知识的宽度，即“眼界，见识”。
compass
在意义上与scope相同，是正式用语，表示活动、兴趣、能力的“界限，范围”。
scale
特指刻度、标度的范围，也指品级、级别的规模和大小的范围：
The bird now came within my range of vision.那只小鸟飞入了我的视野。
Keep the pills out of the reach of the children!把药放到孩子们够不到的地方!
Is Romanticism in the scope of your book?你的书涉及到浪漫主义吗?
Construction is not within the compass of the department.工程建设不属这个部门管辖。
This thermometer has two scales marked on it, one in Fahrenheit and the other in Centigrade.温度计上有两种刻度，一种是华氏，另一种是摄氏。
scarce, rare
这组词均含有“稀少的，少有的”的意思。
rare
强调某种东西是很少见到的，或某种现象是很少发生的，具有珍贵、贵重的意味。它的反义词是common。
scarce
形容的事物不一定有珍贵之意，而是指有些东西(通常为日用品)因匮乏或难以得到而变得稀少或缺少。它的反义词是plentiful或abundant。此外，修饰时间表示频率时，则只能用rare,而不能用scarce,此时rare的含义是“不经常发生的”
The panda is one of the rare animals in the world.熊猫是世界上稀有动物之一。
Water is scarce in Sahara.撒哈拉沙漠上缺水。

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全真模拟试题

1. ____ plastics, the machine is light in weight.

A. To make ofB. To be made of

C. Having made ofD. Made of

2. “____ all three people in the car injured in the accident?”

“No,____ only the two passengers who got hurt.”

A. Were/it was B. Are/there is

C. Were/it were D. Was/there was

3. ____ is to be in the flowing “river” of bears.

A. Stand on the tip of the cape

B. To stand on the tip of the cape

C. Standing on the tip of the cape

D. Being standing on the tip of the cape

4. The speech which he made ____ the football match bored a lot of fans to death.

A. being concernedB.be concerned

C. concerned D. concerning

5.____ in an atmosphere of simple living was what his parents wished for.

A. He was educated B. He educated

C. His being educatedD. He to be educated

6. No sooner ____ than he realized that he should have remained silent.

A. the words had spokenB. had the words spoken

C. the words had been spokenD. had the words been spoken

7. He went out of the General Manager’s office, looking as if he ____.

A. has been severely punished

B. were severely punished

C. was severely punished

D. had been severely punished

8. The factory manager and secretary ____ our party.

A. is to attendB. are to attend

C. were to attend D. is attended

9. This project is known to ____ for three months.

A. having been going onB. go on

C. have been going onD. be going on

10. ____ the car accident, they would have arrived earlier.

A. Except forB. But forC. BesidesD. Save for

11. Jane is slow but her brother, on the contrary, is quick at ____ the point of an argument.

A. grabbingB. graspingC. capturingD. snatching

12. In an attempt to get to the ____ of the problem, the reporter interviewed every eyewitness.

A. rootB. stemC. centerD. base

13. The tourists ____ through the fog, trying to read what was engraved on the gravestone Shakespeare had chosen for himself.

A. peeredB. peepedC. glancedD. glimpsed

14. The noise was so faint that you had to ____ your ears to hear it.

A. stirB. strengthenC. strainD. stride

15. Because of the severe drought, the government has urged people to be ____ with water.

A. economicB. thriftyC. cautiousD. economical

16. They came to inspect the house ____ buying it.

A. in the event of B. with a view to

C. with reference toD. on account of 

17. If a child is brought up in isolation away from human beings, he does not ____ language.

A. inquireB. requireC. acquireD. request

18. The use of sound is widespread as ____ of animal communication.

A. a meansB. waysC. a toolD. signals

19. There is no ____ evidence to date that people in the Western world can control their dreams, at least in experimental situations in a lab.

A. solidB. hardC. goodD. fine

20. Many of the inventions that made people ____ and have determined the direction of American industry were related to agriculture and food production.

A. affluentB. abundantC. sufficientD. bankrupt

21. They ____ a coin to decide who would go first.

A. tickedB. tiledC. towedD. tossed

22. You should ____ to one or more weekly magazines such as Time,or People.

A. subscribeB. orderC. prescribeD. reclaim

23. No one knew the man’s age until he ____ it by accident.

A. displayB. revealedC. exhibitD. exposed

24. Rising from the table he ____ his hat and went out.

A. put onB. dressedC. had onD. wore

25. His hard work ____ him a good reputation.

A. obtainedB. acquiredC. gainedD. earned

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试题答案与解析

1． D)【句意】这台机器是塑料制成的，所以很轻。

【难点】分词结构置于句首，往往表示主句动作或行为的原因。动词不定式置于句首，往往作目的状语。本句中主句的主语和原因状语部分的动词的逻辑主语一致，故后者的动词部分应该使用被动语态，所以只有D)正确。

2． A)【句意】“在这次事故中三个人全都受伤了吗?”“没有，只有两名乘客受了伤”。

【难点】问句中的three people要求用复数谓语动词，由于动作发生在过去，所以选were。答句中用了强调结构，即It was +sb.+who(that)从句。

3． B)【句意】站在海岬的顶端实际上就是站在流动的熊河里。

【难点】动词不定式和动名词都可以作主语，但在主系表结构的句子中，如果表语为动词不定式，则主语也应为动词不定式；如果表语为动名词，则主语也应为动名词，二者必须统一。

4． D)【句意】他就本次足球赛所做的讲话令许多球迷烦得要死。

【难点】本句中缺少一个介词，四个选项中只有D)可以用作介词，意为“有关，关于”，相当于about。

5． C)【句意】他在一种简朴生活的氛围中受教育正是他父母所希望的。

【难点】本句的主语是一个带有逻辑主语的动名词短语，即C)。全句总体结构为主系表。

6． D)【句意】话一出口，他就意识到他应该保持沉默。

【难点】no sooner …than常译为“一…就”，为一固定的搭配。如果no sooner 置于句首，则从句的主语和谓语必须倒装，在以上结构中，主句一般用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，所以选项D)正确。

7． D)【句意】他走出总经理办公室，看起来好像受到了严厉的惩罚。

【难点】look as if +从句这种结构，从句中的谓语一般用虚拟式，如谓语的形式为过去时，则表示与现在的事实相反，如谓语的形式为过去完成时，则表示与过去的事实相反。

8． A)【句意】厂长兼书记来参加我们的聚会。

【难点】英语中，如果两个以上的名词前面只有一个定冠词the，则可认定指的是一个人或物；如果这种结构作主语，谓语动词必须用单数形式。

9． C)【句意】据悉这项工程已进行了三个月了。

【难点】因为for three months是个与完成时连用的状语，且to为不定式符号，所以选C)，即不定式的完成进行时。

10．B)【句意】要不是那场车祸，他们可能早就到了。

【难点】But for 常与后边的名词或代词连用，用于表达虚拟的条件。其他选项无此功能。

11． B)【句意】简反应慢，可她哥哥却相反，在理解论点方面反应非常快。

【难点】grasp 意为“理解，领会”；grab 意为“抓取，攫取”；capture 意为“引起（注意）；逮住”；snatch 意为“夺走，夺得”。

12． A)【句意】为了查清问题的根源，记者采访了每个目击者。

【难点】root 意为“根源；根由”；stem 意为“树干；草茎；叶梗”；center意为“中心；中心点”;base意为“基底；底座”。

13． A)【句意】游客们透过迷雾仔细看，想读一读刻在墓碑上的莎士比亚为自己选择的碑文。

【难点】peer 意为“仔细看，费力地看，凝视”；peep 意为“窥；偷看”；glance意

为“看一眼；扫视”，是故意的动作；glimpse 意为“看一眼”，是偶然的动作。

14． C)【句意】声音如此微弱，你必须把耳朵竖起来才听得见。

【难点】strain 意为“使紧张，尽力使用”；stir意为“使微动；移动”；strengthen 意为“加强；巩固”；stride 意为“跨越”。

15． B)【句意】由于那场严重的旱灾，政府号召人们节约用水。

【难点】thrifty 意为“节俭的；节约的”，强调用钱精打细算，后可接with;economic 意为“经济上的，经济的”；cautious 意为“十分小心的，谨慎的”；economical 意为“经济的，节约的”，强调不浪费。

16． B)【句意】他们来看房子，目的是想买。

【难点】with a view to 意为“以…为目标；目的是…”，后接动名词；in the event of 意为“如果…发生；万一”；with reference to 意为“关于，就…而论”；on account of 意为“因为，由于”。

17． C)【句意】如果一个孩子在与人类隔绝的环境下长大，他就不会获得语言。

【难点】acquire 意为“获得（语言，知识等）”；inquire 意为“询问，查询”；require意为“要求”，request 意为“请求”。

18． A)【句意】声音被广泛地用作动物交际的手段。

【难点】means意为“手段，方法”，形为复数，实为单数；way 意为“方法，方式”，复数形式不合本句句意；tool 意为“工具，器具”；signal 意为“信号，暗号”。

19． A)【句意】至今没有确实的证据证明西方人能控制自己的梦，至少在实验室场合没有。

【难点】solid 意为“充分的，确实的；有根据的”；hard 意为“坚硬的；坚实的”。hard evidence 为“铁证”，指不可推翻性，而本句句意是强调是否有证据，所以solid 更确切。good 和fine与evidence 搭配后，在本句中意义不当。

20． A)【句意】许多使人民生活富足并决定美国工业发展方向的发明都与农业和粮食生产有关。

【难点】affluent意为“富裕的，丰富的”，可形容人；abundant意为“充裕的，丰富的”，形容物；sufficient 意为“足够的，充足的”；bankrupt 意为“破产的”。

21． D)【句意】他们抛硬币决定谁先去。

【难点】toss意为“掷(硬币)；投，掷”；tick意为“滴答”；tile意为“铺砖”；tow意为“拖拉，牵引”。

22． A)【句意】你应该订阅一本或一本以上的像《时代》或《人物》这样的周刊杂志。

【难点】subscribe意为“订阅（报刊等）”，后接介词to;order意为“定购，预定，点（饭，菜）”；prescribe意为“开处方”；reclaim意为“改造，感化”。

23． B)【句意】直到他偶然披露，人们才知道他的年龄。

【难点】reveal意为“揭露；暴露；透露”；display意为“展示，发挥”；exhibit意为“表现，显示”；expose意为“使…暴露在…下”。

24． A)【句意】他从桌旁站起身，戴上帽子，走了出去。

【难点】put on强调穿的动作；dress作穿衣讲时后接反身代词，或用be dressed形式；have on强调穿完后的状态；wear强调穿戴的经常性。

25． D)【句意】他勤奋工作，为自己赢得了声誉。

【难点】earn意为“获得(赞赏)，赢得(名声，地位等)”；obtain意为“得到；获得”，指付出一定努力后才得到渴望的事物；acquire意为“学得（知识，技术）”，强调经过点滴艰苦努力而获得知识、技能等；gain意为“获得，得到，赚得”，强调通过竞争或经过一段时间的努力取得。