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24.如何使用重复法进行翻译? 重复法实际上也是一种增词法,只不过所增加的词是上文刚刚出现过的词。
(1)为了明确
1)重复名词
经典例题61 I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble.
参考译文我曾碰到过,不是氧气设备出故障,就是引擎出故障,或两者都出故障。
经典例题62 Water can be decomposed by energy,a current of electricity.
参考译文水可由能量来分解,所谓能量也就是电流。
2)重复动词
经典例题63 They wanted to determine if he complied with the terms of his employment and his obligations as an American.
参考译文他们想要确定,他是否履行了受雇条件,是否履行了作为美国公民所应尽的职责。
经典例题64 He supplied his works not only with biographies,but with portraits of their supposed authors.
参考译文他不仅在他的作品上提供作者传记,而且还提供假想作者的画像。
3)重复代词
经典例题65 Big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their own lines.
参考译文强国有强国的策略,小国有小国的路线。
经典例题66 He hated failure;he had conquered it all his life,risen above it,despised it in others.
参考译文他讨厌失败,他一生中曾战胜失败,超越失败,并且藐视别人的失败。
(2)为了强调
1)英语原文中有词的重复,译成汉语有时可以保持同样的词的重复。
经典例题67 Work while you work,play while you play.
参考译文工作时工作,游戏时游戏。
2)英语原文中有词的重复,译成汉语有时可以用同义词重复。
经典例题68 They would read and re_read the secret notes.
参考译文他们往往一遍又一遍地反复琢磨这些密件。
(3)为了生动
1)运用两个四字词组
经典例题69 He showed himself calm in an emergency situation.
参考译文他在情况危急时,态度从容,镇定自若。
2)运用词的重叠
经典例题70 I wasn‘t evasive in my reply.
参考译文我的回答并不躲躲闪闪。
3)运用四字对偶词组
经典例题71 The trial,in his opinion,was absolutely fair.
参考译文据他看来,这次审判是绝对公平合理的。
25.如何使用减词法(省略法)进行翻译?
省略是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来,因为其在译文中是不言而喻的。换言之,省略是删去一些可有可无的,或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文语言习惯的词。但省略并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。
(1)冠词的省略
经典例题72 Because the body‘s defense system is damaged,the patient has little ability to fight off many other diseases.
参考译文由于人体的免疫系统遭到破坏,病人几乎没有什么能力来抵抗许许多多其他疾病的侵袭。
经典例题73 Any substance is made up of atoms whether it is a solid,a liquid,or a gas.
参考译文任何物质,无论它是固体、液体或气体,都是由原子构成的。
(2)代词的省略
经典例题74 The desert animals can hide themselves from the heat during the daytime.
参考译文沙漠中的兽类能躲避白天的炎热天气。
经典例题75 We all took it for granted that he would attend the meeting,but in the end he never turned up.
参考译文我们都想当然地以为他会来开会,但直到最后他也没有露面。
经典例题76 We live and learn.
参考译文活到老,学到老。
(3)连词的省略
经典例题77 Like charges repel each other while opposite charges attract.
参考译文同性电荷相斥,异性电荷相吸。
经典例题78 He looked gloomy and troubled.
参考译文他看上去有些忧愁不安。
经典例题79 If winter comes,can spring be far behind?
参考译文冬天来了,春天还会远吗?
(4)介词的省略
经典例题80 The density of air varies directly as pressure,with temperature being constant.
参考译文温度不变,空气的密度和压力成正比。
经典例题81 Smoking is prohibited in public places.
参考译文公共场所不许吸烟。
经典例题82 A body in motion remains in motion unless acted on by an external force.
参考译文如果没有外力的作用,运动的物体仍然保持运动状态。
(5)同位语前置名词的省略
经典例题83 Behaviorists,in contrast,say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.
分析:在同位句中,the fact就是指that所引导的blacks are often deprived of…that whites enjoy.在翻译成汉语时,就可以省略the fact,以免显得累赘。
参考译文相反,行为主义者认为,成绩的差异是由于黑人往往被剥夺了白人在教育及其他环境方面所享有的许多有利条件。(1990年真题)
(6)同义词或近义词的省略
经典例题84 Technology is the application of scientific method and knowledge to industry to satisfy our material needs and wants.
分析:例句原文中的needs and wants是近义词,在英语中常一起出现,但从中文的角度来看,表达的是同一个意思。所以译文可以简洁一些。
参考译文技术就是在工业上应用科学方法和科学知识以满足我们物质上的需求。
经典例题85 Insulators in reality conduct electricity but,nevertheless,their resistance is very high.分析:but,nevertheless是近义词,在文中都表示但是。
参考译文绝缘体实际上也导电,但其电阻很高 |
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