标题: 2005年硕士研究生入学考试英语命题预测试卷(五)及答案 [打印本页]
作者: 幽幽草 时间: 2007-5-5 16:57 标题: 2005年硕士研究生入学考试英语命题预测试卷(五)及答案
Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（ 10 points ）
During recent years we have heard much about "race": how this race does certain things and that race believes certain things and so on. Yet, the 1 phenomenon of race consists of a few surface indications.
We judge race usually 2 the coloring of the skin: a white race, a brown race, a yellow race and a black race. But 3 you were to remove the skin you could not 4 anything about the race to which the individual belonged. There is 5 in physical structure. The brain or the internal organs to 6 a difference.
There are four types of blood. 7 types are found in every race, and no type is distinct to any race. Human brains are the 8. No scientists could examine a brain and tell you the race to which the individual belonged. Brains will 9 in size, but this occurs within every race. 10 does size have anything to do with intelligence. The largest brain 11 examined belonged to a person of weak 12. On the other hand, some of our most distinguished people have had 13 brains.
Mental tests which are reasonably 14 show no differences in intelligence between races. High and low test results both can be recorded by different members of any race. 15 equal educational advantages, there will be no difference in average standings, either on account of race or geographical location. Individuals of every race 16 civilization to go backward or forward. Training and education can change the response of a group of people, 17 enable them a behave in a 18 way.
The behavior and ideals of people change according to circumstances, but they can always go back or go on to something new 19 is better and higher than anything 20 the past.
1. A. complete B. full C. total D. whole
2. A. in B. from C. at D. on
3. A. since B. if C. as D. while
4. A. speak B. talk C. tell D. mention
5. A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything
6. A. display B. indicate C. demonstrate D. appear
7. A. All B. Most C. No D. Some
8. A. same B. identical C. similar D. alike
9. A. remain B. increase C. decrease D. vary
10. A. Only B. Or C. Nor D. So
11. A. ever B. then C. never D. once
12. A. health B. body C. mind D. thought
13. A. big B. small C. minor D. major
14. A. true B. exact C. certain D. accurate
15. A. Provided B. Concerning C. Given D. Following
16. A. make B. cause C. move D. turn
17. A. and B. but C. though D. so
18. A. ordinary B. peculiar C. usual D. common
19. A. that B. what C. whichever D. whatever
20. A. for B. to C. within D. in
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.（40 points）
Text 1
A report on a new software that enables eyes to do the typing appears in Wednesday's edition of the journal Nature. Replacing a keyboard or mouse, eye-scanning cameras mounted on computers have become necessary tools for people without limbs or those affected with paralysis. The camera tracks the movement of the eye, allowing users to "type" on a virtual keyboard as they look at the screen. And now, researchers from the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University say they have developed software that replaces the standard QWERTY keyboard layout with one that is nearly twice as efficient, more accurate and easier on the eyes. Called Dasher, the prototype program taps into the natural gaze of the eye and makes predictable words and phrases simpler to write. Any off-the-shelf camera capable of scanning eye movement can be used with Dasher, though the person must sit fairly still during the interaction.
The letters of the alphabet appear in a single column on the right of the screen, with an underscore symbol to represent a space. Each letter is framed by a colored box. As the user looks at a particular letter on the right side of the screen and drags it to the left with their eyes, another sub-alphabet column begins to emerge inside the box on the right-hand side, along with more letters framed in colored boxes. Dasher is designed to anticipate which letter will be needed, so although the successive sub-alphabet columns are initially very small, the letters or combination of letters that simultaneously appear are most likely to be used next in that sequence. For example, if a person starts with the letter "h," the language models in Dasher will bring up "a," "e," "i," "o" and "u" in the sub-alphabet box, along with a few other possible combinations like "ello" to form the word "hello." Each box has a complete alphabet within it, though the first letters to appear have the highest probability of usage. The letters are then placed together to form a sentence on the left side of the screen.
Researchers say people will be able to write up to 25 words per minute with Dasher compared to on-screen keyboards, which they say average about 15 words per minute. With a bit of practice, MacKay said, Dasher offers an easier and more satisfying way for disabled people to communicate, providing them with better tools to write e-mail or create word processor files. MacKay said Dasher could work in most languages.
21."Paralysis"（Paragraph 1, Line 3） probably means.
A. short-sightedness B. allergy C. inability to move D. color-blindness
22. With the new software Dasher, people can type with their eyes through.
A. a computer screen with eye-scanning sensors
B. an eye-scanning camera on computer
C. a colored box attached to the computer
D. a regular keyboard with sensors
23. The new method of typing will most benefit those people who.
A. have reading difficulties B. are physically handicapped
C. are visually incompetent D. do not have a big vocabulary
24. The software Dasher.
A. is able to predict the next sequence of words the user is going to write
B. does not allow the user to move a lot during the interaction
C. has to be used with eye-scanning cameras specially designed for the software
D. can form coherent sentences based on the first word typed by the user
25. People will be able to write as many aswords per minute with Dasher.
A. 15 B.20 C.25 D. 30
Text 2
Opponents of affirmative action say the battle over the use of race in college admissions is hardly over, despite the Supreme Court's ruling Monday upholding the goal of a diverse student body. Higher education leaders overwhelmingly hailed the decision, saying it reaffirmed policies used by most selective colleges and universities. But some critics raised the possibility of more lawsuits, and promised to continue pressuring the Department of Education's Office of Civil Rights to investigate questionable policies. "We're talking about admissions programs, scholarships, any program…only for minorities or in which the standards used to judge admissions are substantially different," says Linda Chavez, founder and president of the Center for Equal Opportunity, a conservative non-profit group.
Others say they'll take their case to voters. "We have to seriously contest all this at the ballot box," says University of California regent Ward Connerly, who helped win voter approval of California's Proposition 209, which prohibits considering race or gender in public education, hiring and contracting. Because of that law, Monday's ruling had no practical impact in the state. "It may be time for us to…let the （Michigan） voters decide if they want to use race as a factor in admissions," Connerly said.
Meanwhile, U.S. Education Secretary Rod Paige, consistent with President Bush's stance opposing affirmative action, said the Department of Education will "continue examining and highlighting effective race-neutral approaches to ensure broad access to and diversity within our public institutions". Even Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, in one of the opinions, recommended that states look for lessons in race-neutral programs being tried in California and elsewhere. While the ruling said admissions officials may consider race in the selection process, colleges and universities are not obligated to do so. "Ultimately in the debate, diversity is a choice, not a legal mandate," says Arthur Coleman, a former Department of Education official who now helps colleges and universities ensure constitutional policies.
The public, too, remains conflicted, largely along racial lines. According to a January poll by the non-profit research organization Public Agenda, 79% of Americans said it is important for colleges to have a racially diverse student body, while just 54% said affirmative action programs should continue. In a Gallup poll conducted days before the ruling, 49% of adults said they favor affirmative action and 43% did not, with blacks and Hispanics far more likely to favor the practice than whites. And some educators doubt that with Monday's ruling, those opposing affirmative action will change their minds.
For now, admissions officials and university lawyers are poring over the ruling to determine how or whether to adjust policies. While most tend to be closed-mouthed about admissions policies, many say they don't expect significant changes.
26. It can be inferred from the text that one of the major objectives of affirmative action is to.
A. discourage the practice of racial discrimination in college admissions
B. adapt the Supreme Court's ruling to college situations
C. formulate the right policies for college admissions
D. ensure race-neutral programs are set up in college and universities
27.What the critics said in the first paragraph amounts to the idea that .
A. no admission policies based on race should be implemented
B. minority applicants should be given favorable considerations
C. different standards for admitting minority students should be set up
D. selective colleges and universities should be punished for their discriminatory policies
28.Connerly insists that the Court's ruling should.
A. win approval from Californian voters before it is put in effect
B. be contested by the Michigan voters with an opinion poll
C. be applied in some states before it is extended to other states
D. produce the intended practical effect before it is widely accepted
29.What is the attitude of the Department of Education towards affirmative action?
A. Neutrality B.Objection C. Approval D. Indifference
30.Which of the following is true about affirmative action according to the text?
A. A vast majority of people support it.
B. The minorities claim it to be a discriminatory policy.
C.The minority students are more likely to welcome it.
D. The Court's decision will certainly change people's attitude to it.
Text 3
What our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what it and life in it ought to be. Such consensus cannot be gained from society's present stage, or from fantasies about what it ought to be. For that the present is too close and too diversified, and the future too uncertain, to make believable claims about it. A consensus in the present hence can be achieved only through a shared understanding of the past, as Homer's epics （史诗） informed those who lived centuries later what it meant to be Greek, and by what images and ideals they were to live their lives and organize their societies.
Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a language all their own, a common religion, common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these. But the United States is a country of immigrants, coming from a great variety of nations. Lately, it has been emphasized that an asocial, narcissistic （自我陶醉的） personality has become characteristic of Americans, and that it is this type of personality that makes for the lack of well-being, because it prevents us from achieving consensus that would counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In his study of narcissism, Christopher Lasch says that modern man, "tortured by selfconsciousness, turns to new therapies not to free himself of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life, to find something to live for". There is widespread distress because national morale has declined, and we have lost an earlier sense of national vision and purpose.
Contrary to rigid religions or political beliefs, as are found in totalitarian （极权主义的） societies, our culture is one of great individual differences, at least in principle and in theory. But this leads to disunity, even chaos. Americans believe in the value of diversity, but just because ours is a society based on individual diversity, it needs consensus about some dominating ideas more than societies based on uniform origin of their citizens. Hence, if we are to have consensus, it must be based on a myth—a vision—about a common experience, a conquest that made us Americans, as the myth about the conquest of Troy formed the Greeks. Only a common myth can offer relief from the fear that life is without meaning or purpose. Myths permit us to examine our place in the world by comparing it to a shared idea. Myths are shared fantasies that form the tie that binds the individual to other members of his group. Such myths help to ward off feelings of isolation, guilt, anxiety, and purposelessness—in short, they combat isolation and the breakdown of social standards and values.
31.In the author's view, the greatest trouble with the US society lies in the.
A. lack of serious disagreement over the organizations of social life
B. non-existence of unanimity on the forms the society should take
C. general denying of its conformity with what it was unexpected to be
D. public negation of the consensus on how to conduct social reforms
32.Homer's epics mentioned in Paragraph 1 exemplify the fact that.
A.the present is varying too fast to be caught up easily
B.the future may be so indefinite as to be unpredictable
C.the past can help to shape a consensus in the present
D.the past determines social moralities for later generations
33.The asocial personality of Americans results from.
A.the multiracial constituents of the US society
B.the absence of a common religion and ancestry
C.the want of shared myths they possess in life
D.the obstruction of achieving a general agreement
34.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Christopher Lasch is most probably.
A.an earnest nationalist B.an advanced psychologist
C.a radical reformer D.a social historian
35.The author concludes that only shared myths can help Americans.
A.to bring about the uniformity of their culture
B.to diminish their great individual differences
C.to avoid the sense of being isolated and anxious
D.to regain the feelings of social values and morale
Text 4
Perhaps most puzzling than purring is the cat's ability to survive falls. A research shed light on this ability in 1987. The cat's habit of falling out of open windows provided the researchers with an opportunity to study 115 cats that had fallen from highrise apartments in New York City. The average fall was 5.5 stories. Of the 115 cats studied, 90 percent survived, including one cat that fell 32 stories on to a sidewalk and suffered only mild chest injury and a chipped tooth.Interestingly, cats that fell from 9 or more stories suffered fewer injuries than those falling from lower heights. Among cats that fell from 9 to 32 stories, only 5 percent suffered fatal injuries, but 10 percent of those that fell from 7 or fewer stories died.
How do cats manage to take falling so easily? For one thing, in comparison to human beings, a cat is much smaller and lighter. Also, a cat has more body surface area in proportion to its weight than a human being has. This increase in surface area results in greater air resistance, which slows the fall.The important thing,however, is that a falling cat apparently positions itself to form a sort of parachute. Less than one second after it starts to fall, a cat quickly rights itself in midair with all four legs pointing downward. The cat's inner ears act like an internal gyroscope, telling the cat which direction it is falling. With the legs pointed downward, the cat then spreads its legs so that its body forms a sort of parachute that increases air resistance. With its limbs flexed, the cat also cushions the force of impact by landing on all four legs. The force of the impact is distributed through the muscles and joints.
The researchers believe that the parachute effect comes into play mainly above four stories, at the point where the cat has reached its greatest rate of descent. Of the 115 cats the researchers studied, only 1 of 13 that fell nine or more stories sustained a bone fracture, whereas most of the cats that fell from lower stories suffered some type of broken bone.
36In the research it was found that the cats tend to suffer injuries or die when they fell from.
A.the highest story of the building
B.the lowest story of the building
C.the middle stories of the building
D.the fourth to seventh stories of the building
37The key to the cat's survival of high falling lies in.
A.its body size B.the size of its body surface
C.its body weight D.its posture in the falling
38Cats that fall from high places.
A.take some time to adjust itself in midair
B.always spread itself as fully as possible
C.look like the shapes of parachutes
D.points their ears to the falling direction
39The parachute effect starts.
A.in the middle of the cat's fall
B.when its fall reaches the highest speed
C.at the beginning of the cat's fall
D.towards the end of the cat's fall
40According to the passage,which part of the cat's body touches the ground first when it falls from high buildings?
A.Head B.Bottom C.Neck D.Legs
Part B
Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.
The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings. To a large extent, the physical form and the habits of the earth's vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. Considering the whole span of earthly time, the opposite effect, in which life actually modifies its surroundings, has been relatively slight. 41）_________________________
During the past quarter century this power has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character. The most alarming of all man's assaults upon the environment is the contamination of air, earth, rivers, and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable. 42）_______________. Chemicals sprayed on croplands or forests or gardens lie long in soil, entering into living organisms, passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death. Or they pass mysteriously by underground streams until they emerge and combine into new forms that kill vegetation, sicken cattle, and work unknown harm on those who drink from once pure wells. "Man can hardly even recognize the devils of his own creation," as a scientist has said.
It took hundreds of millions of years to produce the life that now inhabits the earth. 43）_________________________________________________.
44）_____________________________________________________. Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man's tampering with the atom. The chemicals are the synthetic creations of man's inventive mind, having no counterparts in nature.
45）_____________________________________________. And even this, were it by some miracle possible, would be futile, for the new chemicals come from our laboratories in an endless stream; almost five hundred annually find their way into actual use in the United States alone. Among them are many that are used in man's war against nature. Since the mid 1940's over 200 basic chemicals have been created for use in killing insects, weeds, and other organisms described as "pests."
[A]The rapidity of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature.
[B]Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life.
[C]Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.
[D]I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm.
[E]In this now universal contamination of the environment, chemicals are the sinister partners of radiation in changing the very nature of the world the very nature of its life.
[F]Given time not in years but in millennia life adjusts, and a balance has been reached. But in the modern world there is no time.
[G]To adjust to these chemicals would require not merely the years of a man's life but the life of generations.
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （10 points）
April the 3rd was the day we attempted to reach Mount Everest. The morning saw us all up and rushing about the camp at daybreak. We bumped down the nine miles of dusty track, each clutching a camera or one of the more delicate instruments to our chests in an endeavor to make our bodies absorb as many of the shocks from the bumpy track as possible. The ground staff were already busy on our arrival. 46）The sheds where the aircraft were kept had been opened and the great machines were being manhandled out onto the runway. The bottles of oxygen were carefully placed in their clips and connected to the system. 47） The vertical cameras were fitted and tested, air frames and engines were inspected and tested in every detail.
Pilots and observers cared greatly about their equipment, trying on oxygen masks which they had tried on many times before, readjusted to a nicety. They then rechecked the charts which had been carefully prepared to allow accurately for the increasing wind speeds during the climb—all trying to keep themselves occupied during that tense half-hour wait for the return of the reconnaissance machine.
48）There had been so much preparation for this flight, and there was still so much of the unknown about it, that the crews could not help being slightly affected by the general excitement. Waiting is always unpleasant, and we were all relieved to see the reconnaissance machine diving down through the dust haze. The Air Commodore who commanded it brought welcome news. 49）Though he had been unable to climb above the dust, he had been able to see towards the mountains through the top of the haze and there was a cloudless sky. This was splendid: no cloud to spoil the photography.
We had promised not to attempt the flight if the wind exceeded 40 miles an hour, but this was the first time we had found the wind under 100 miles an hour. 50）We worked out the implications and reckoned that, provided we did not spend more than fifteen minutes at the summit, we could get back inside our petrol endurance. We might wait for days and weeks and not get another opportunity. The Air Commodore weighed the position carefully and gave the word "Go".
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
51.Directions:
You are a secretary in a corporation. Now you are supposed to write a letter to a raw material supplier requiring for detailed information of their products. The letter must involve:
1）express your interest with their product,
2）ask for the detailed information,
3）a wish for possible business cooperation in the future.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use "Jane Green" instead. You do not need to write the address. （10 points）
Part B
52.Directions:
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay to
1）describe the picture and interpret its meaning
2）give your comment on the phenomenon.
You should write about 200 words neatly.
SectionⅠUse of English
1. D.从句的谓语部分“由一些表面迹象组成的”可以看出前后含有整体与部分的关系。选项（D） whole（整个）符合句意。complete意为“完整的”，full意为“全面的”，total意为“总体上”，强调数量。
2. B.“通过（依据）肤色判断种族”。当选介词from.
3. B.该句为虚拟语气结构，应该选择if，表示条件。选项（A）、（C）、（D）不合语法。
4. C.此处隐含“说出，讲出”的意思，选项（C）正确。其余三项意思不妥，可排除。
5. C.从下文的详细说明可以看出在physical structure， the brain or the internal organs上是说不出任何东西的，此处应选择否定词nothing，故（C）正确。
6. B.句意判断此处应为“指出，预示”，选项（B）正确。其余几项不合句意。
7. A.下文说no type is distinct to any race“没有哪一种血型是哪一个人种所特有的”，那么就说明四种血型在每一个人种中都存在。故选（A）。
8. A.空格前的定冠词the限定了对选项A的选择。
9. D.此处谈论大脑大小不一，vary“多种多样，不同”，符合题意，选项（A）、（B）、（C）意思不妥。
10. C.选择该项之前，应搞清楚大脑的大小与人的智力到底有无关系，从下文所举的两个例子判断，应该是没有关系，所以选择否定连词nor.
11. A.选项（B）、（C）、（D）不合题意。ever“曾经”，修饰examined，构成分词短语，作定语。故（A）正确。
12. C.此处说明大脑的大小与智力的关系，所以应该选择mind（智力，智能）和weak连用，意为“弱智”。其余几项不合题意。
13. B.作者再举例进一步说明大脑的大小与人的智力无关。此处从句意分析应指大脑的“小”，（B）正确。minor意为“次要的，不重要的”，不妥。
14. D.测试应用“精确”一词来形容，故选（D）。
15. C.选项（B）、（D）不合题意，可首先排除。选项（A）、（C）意义相同，用法不同。Provided后要跟that引导的从句，that可省略，而Given后可以跟名词或短语性短语、独立结构等，故选项（C）正确。
16. B.选项（C）、（D）不合题意，选项（A）搭配不对，选项（B）正确。
17. A.选项（B）、（C）、（D）不合逻辑，或不合句意，均应排除，故（A）正确。
18. B.由上文的change the response of a group of people推断，此处应选择peculiar（特别的、特殊的）。
19. A.因定语前有something一词，可排除（B）、（C）、（D）三项，该句为that引导的定语从句结构。
20. D. in the past为习语，表示“在过去，以前”。
SectionⅢReading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
词语注释
mount装上，登上
limb四肢
paralysis瘫痪；麻痹
virtual虚拟的，事实上的
layout布局
prototype原型
tap into挖掘
interaction互动
underscore底线，下划线；强调
alphabet字母表
successive连续的，接连不断的
combination组合
sequence顺序，序列
bring up（本文）使……出来
文章概要
本文向大家介绍了一种新型的软件，这种软件能够使眼睛完成打字工作。
Para.1：研究人员开发出一种能够使眼睛完成打字工作的软件。
Para.2：该段介绍了这种新软件的工作过程及原理。
Para.3：介绍这种新软件的工作效率。
答案点评
21.C文章介绍的这种最新的软件，可以让人们通过眼睛的活动，在电脑中输入文字。因此主要面对的用户是那些四肢活动有障碍的人。四个选项中最合适的是C. inability to move.
22.B第一段介绍，用眼睛输入主要依靠安装在计算机上的可以扫描眼睛活动的照相机。
23.B文章第一段介绍，Replacing a keyboard or mouse, eye-scanning cameras mounted on computers have become necessary tools for people without limbs or those affected with paralysis.该软件的受惠者主要是那些四肢不能动，或者瘫痪的病人。
24.B文章第一段末尾介绍，该软件可以和任何有扫描眼睛活动功能的照相机兼容，但是用户使用过程中必须尽量保持一动不动的姿势。Any off-the-shelf camera capable of scanning eye movement can be used with Dasher, though the person must sit fairly still during the interaction.
25.C文章最后一段介绍，Researchers say people will be able to write up to 25 words per minute with Dasher compared to on-screen keyboards， which they say average about 15 words per minute.使用该软件，每分钟可以输入25个单词。
Text 2
词语注释
Supreme Court（美国）联邦最高法院；最高法院overwhelming a.势不可挡的，压倒的
hail vt.向……欢呼，为……欢呼minority n.少数，少数派，少数票
ballot n.选票，投票总数ultimately ad.最后、最终
文章概要
本文主要讨论的是美国在大学录取过程中是否考虑种族因素。文中列出各个方面对此的反应。
Paras.1-3：持反对赞助性行动的各方都希望大学录取过程中不考虑种族因素，或由选民投票决定是否将种族因素当作录取条件。
Para.4：民意测验显示公众在种族问题上也意见不一致。
Para.5：关于录取中种族因素的政策的前景依然未知。
答案点评
26.A第一段第一句提到，反对赞助性行动（affirmative action）的人说，虽然最高法院星期一做出裁决，支持大学录取不同种族的学生，但是，围绕大学录取过程中是否考虑种族因素的争议还没有结束。第三段具体提到了反对赞助性行动的人的看法，他们认为大学录取时不应该考虑种族因素（race-neutral）。由此推断，支持赞助性行动的人则是担心录取过程会出现种族歧视，因此才要求大学保证招收一定比例的少数民族学生。
27.A第一段提到，反对者们说，这项裁决可能带来更多（学生）的诉讼，他们声称要给教育部民权处施加压力，迫使他们调查有问题的（招生）政策。“我们指的是那些招生、奖学金审批或其他方面偏向少数民族学生的政策……，或者那些用相当不一致的标准决定录取的政策。”反对者的观点在第三段表达得更清楚。
28.B在第二段Connerly说，我们也许应该让密执安州的选民们来决定他们是否赞同将种族当做录取因素。在本段中，他还提到了加利福尼亚州的例子，显然肯定了该州的做法：在公共教育、录用和招聘人员的过程中不考虑种族和性别因素（谁够格就录取谁，不论男女，不管何种种族）。
29.B第三段提到，与布什总统反对赞助性行动的立场（stance）一致，美国教育部长Paige说，教育部将“继续审查并强调有效的种族中立政策，确保公立大学（public institution）招收学生的广泛代表性和多样化”。
30.C倒数第二段提到，公众在种族问题上也意见不一致。在这项裁决被通过的几天前所做的一项民意测验显示，49%的成年人说拥护赞助性行动，而43%的人表示反对，而黑人和拉美裔的美国人比白人赞成的人数要多得多。
Text 3
词语注释
consensus n.一致、合意、舆论immigrant n.移民
torture n.v.折磨、痛苦、苦恼diversity n.多样性
conquest n.征服、赢得、获得conquer v.征服、攻克、战胜
morale n.士气、风纪、精神
文章概要
本文介绍了美国人对未来生活目的不能做出共识及剖析其中原因，进而说明美国社会组成结构及现状对它的影响。
Para.1：说明美国对未来生活目的不能作出共识。
Para.2：由Lasch的研究推测原因。
Para.3：对比极权社会及现状进一步阐述其中的原因。
答案点评
31.B题干中的the greatest trouble （最大的难题）相当于本文第1句中的what…suffers from most （……遭遇的最大问题），故答案应与此句相符合。B项中的nonexistence of unanimity on （对……无一致意见）与句中的absence of consensus about同义；the forms the society should take（社会应是什么样式）与句中的what is （指society）ought to be，虽表达形式不同，但意思一致，为正确答案。A项与题意相反，C项general denying （普通否认），D项的public negation （公众的否定）都是错误的推论。
32.C该段第3句表明，以as （像……一样）引入Homer's epics （荷马史诗）就是要举例证明其主句的说法。据此，C项可取。其余3项不合句意。
33.A题干中的asocial （不与人来往的，孤僻的）一词出自第2段第3句。此段前几句说明，社会的consensus （意识一致）来自共同的历史、语言、信仰、祖先等，而美国是一个移民国家，无此基础，这也就产生了美国人的asocial personality （孤僻的性格）。由此可见，A项说法正确。B、C两项只是局部原因。D项说法笼统、模糊。
34.D第2段谈到narcissism的起源，Lasch对它的研究，他对美国人目前的心态与过去的比较等，表明他是一位social historian（社会历史学家），其余3项皆无依据。
35.C第3段第4句以下谈到myth （story handed down from olden times， esp. concepts or beliefs about the early history of a race， etc.神话——即由古相传的故事，尤指有关一个民族早期历史的观念或信仰等）。此段末句说，这些myths有助于ward off（=avoid避免）隔绝、内疚、焦虑和失落感。由此可知，C项确切表达了此意，为正确答案。
Text 4
词语注释
pur发出呼噜声
opportunity机会；良机
comparison比较，相似
gyroscope旋转器，回转仪
cushion垫子；弹性物
parachute降落伞
文章概要
本文主要讲述了猫下落时其身体所形成的降落伞效应。
Para.1：人们对猫在高空坠落中死里逃生的能力感到迷惑，并对此进行研究。
Para.2：该段解释了猫从高空坠落而不致死亡的原因。
Para.3：解释了猫为何从更低的地方下坠反而比从更高的地方下坠更容易死亡。
答案点评
36.D参考第一段最后两句。研究发现，从9层以上的楼层坠下的猫只有5%的伤亡，而从7层或7层以下坠落的猫却有10%的伤亡。考生应该注意的是，同选择项D相比，有关选择项A、B、C表达的内容文章未提供此项数据，因此很难判断其正误。
37.D文章第二段解释了猫从高空坠落而不致死亡的原因。原因有几方面：其一，猫身体较小；其二，就其重量而言，猫身体表面面积（body surface）大，相应地，其下落阻力大；其三，正如该段第五句所指出的，更重要的是猫下落时的姿势，这一姿势使下落的猫取得了一种降落伞效应，该效应增加了下落阻力，缓冲了下坠力（见该段最后两句）。由以上分析可见，猫的大小、体重、表层面积虽然都有关系，但不是解释猫高空下坠而存活的主要原因。
38.A降落伞效应是这样形成的：在开始下降后不到一秒钟的时间里，猫在空中迅速调整它的下落姿势，使四脚向下，摆正身体（rights itself）。猫耳朵内部有一个像回转仪一样的机制，告诉它下落的方向。然后，猫展开四肢，降落伞效应就形成了。B意为：“总是尽力舒展开身体”，原文提到的是猫展开四肢（spread its legs）；C意为：“看起来像个降落伞的形状”，原文说的是形成（在功能方面）像个降落伞式的东西（form a sort of parachute）或具有降落伞效应（parachute effect），并非指形状如降落伞；D意为：“将耳朵指向下降方向”。原文并未提到耳朵的方向。请参阅第二段第五至第八句。
39.B第三段第一句指出，快落到第四层时，猫的下降速度达到最高，这时，降落伞效应开始起作用（comes into play）。这里关键不在于下落到几层，而在于下降速度是否达到最大这一状态。
40D第二段倒数第二句：the cat also cushions the force of impact by landing on all four legs.
Part B
答案解析
41.C上文讲的是生物与其环境相互作用，生命对环境的改变作用相对较小，C项讨论的是同一内容，指出20世纪以来人类才获得了改变生存环境的力量。
42.E上文提到环境污染，下文的中心内容是化学物质，E项的this universal contamination与上文呼应，而引出的化学物质问题又正是下文的内容。
43.F根据上文，地球历经了许多亿年才创造了栖息其上的生命，可知此段讲的是时间因素，F与之切合。关键词：time.
44.A下文讲的是人类通过支配原子而得到辐射这一非自然的创造物。而且创造出自然界没有的化学制品，可知本段的主要内容正是A项所说的：环境改变的速度不再顺从大自然从容不迫的节奏，而是顺从人类急切匆匆的步伐。
45.G上文讲的是化学制品，G项To adjust to these chemicals与上文承接，而下文的even this指的是G中的the life of generations.
文章大意：本文讨论的是生物与环境之间的平衡危机。随着人类改造大自然的能力不断提高，人类与环境之间的平衡关系被打破了，特别是化学物质的大量涌现，对自然提出严峻的挑战。
Part C
参考译文
46.放置飞行器的房间已经打开，庞大的机器借助于人力移动到跑道上。
47.工作人员对直立式照相机进行安装和测试，对飞行框架和引擎进行详细检查和测试。
48.工作人员为这次飞行做了大量的准备工作，但是仍然有很多的未知因素，因此，全体工作人员都不知不觉地受到了感染，群情激动。
49.虽然他没能飞到尘土之上，他却已经能透过薄雾的顶端看到远山和晴朗无云的天空了。
50.我们分析了所有的迹象，作出如下的推断；如果我们在山顶待不超过十五分钟的时间，我们就能够在消耗有限燃油的情况下飞回。
Section Ⅲ Writing
参考作文
51.
Dear Sir,
We owe your name and address to Beijing Commercial Daily who has informed us that you are in the market for computer spare parts. We are an international corporation dealing with computer selling, thus we want to know more about your products.
Would you please send us details of various ranges, including types, sizes and prices, and if possible, also samples of different qualities of material used.
We have many branches abroad and all well-financed. Hopefully we two corporations would establish steady business friendship in the near future.
Yours faithfully, Jane Green
May 4th,2004
52.
Rome Was Not Built in a Day
Every year there comes a huge flux of graduates from colleges, and needless to say, every one of them yearns for a satisfactory job. Yet a cartoon takes me with a start, because it unfolds before us an appalling condition that most of us have never thought about. In that cartoon picture, you could see a job-hunter standing on the top of a hill. With the aid of a telescope, he cranes his neck beholding far into the distance in search of a good job. Despite his efforts and perspirations, his search turns out to be in vain. "Why the hell is it so difficult to find a good job!" he says to himself. While at the foot of the hill, a man of the recruiting party is walking to and fro in a fretful manner. He is badly in need of specified experts, but there is no applicant at all. Obviously perplexed by such a situation, he asks himself why nobody applies for such a good job.
This is a prevailing phenomenon of nowadays. The job-hunters are always aiming too high, and tend to overlook the suitable and ready jobs just ahead. What hinders the way of their employment is not the shortage of posts in the job-market, but their own state of mind. The so-called good job not only promises a big salary, it demands adroit skills as well. And what's more, it is almost impossible to make a fortune overnight.
So my friends, do bear this saying in your mind: "Rome was not built in a day". Beautiful dreams are to be fulfilled little by little
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