问题1:The passage gives a general description of the structure and use of a landfill. 由各个标题综合来看,这个是正确的没错.
这里可以总结出一个原则: 题干是原文的归纳与总结。即根据原文中的做出推断或归纳,答案选Yes。
问题2:Most of the trash that Americans generate ends up in landfills.这里提到的是美国垃圾处理的方法.我们可以找到标题为: How Is Trash Disposed of ?在这一段中我们就可以找到答案. Most of the trash和57 percent is buried in landfills. 相对应.
这里可以总结出一个原则: 题干在用词、结构、含义等方面都与原文保持一致。就是正确的(Yes).
问题3: Compared with other major Industrialized countries, America buries a much higher percentage of its solid waste in landfills. 我们在垃圾处理的那段看到了有关国家间垃圾处理的比较: The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major countries (United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, France and Japan) in landfill disposal. Ok,文中的说法和其问题,不吻合,可见是错误的.
这里可以总结出一个原则: 题干与原文截然相反,有明显矛盾.答案是No。
问题4: Landfills are like compost piles in that they speed up decomposition of the buried trash. 这个陈述句的意思是landfill是什么?那么回到原文What is landfill?来找答案,看到那一段的最后一句就是答案。A landfill is not like a compost pile, where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly. 题干与原文截然相反,有明显矛盾.所以是不正确的(No)。(原则同上)
问题5:In most countries the selection of a landfill site is governed by rules and regulations. 题干说到了landfill site(垃圾掩埋法的地点)的选择,我们看到标题Proposing the Landfill的段落中,原文中有一句话,In most parts of the world, there are regulations that govern where a landfill can be placed and how it can operate.原文的叙述和题干是一致的,因此答案是Yes。
问题6:In the United States the building of landfills is the job of both federal and local governments. 题干中说在美国,垃圾掩埋的建造是当地联合政府的职责。根据答案顺次出现的原则,问题5出现的那一段,In the United States, taking care of trash and building landfills are local government responsibilities.题干与原文之间不是完全对等的。因此是错误的。答案是No。这里可以总结出一个原则: 题干与原文的矛盾不明显,但意思又未能完全对等。答案是No
问题7:Hazardous wastes have to be treated before being dumped into landfills. 这一题根据题目中的关键词我们可以找出该词所对应的位置,最后一个标题段,但是我们无法找到完全对等的信息,但是也未出现矛盾,这情况下,选择Not Given。