| 10大功能段落 第一段：[1.现象/现状说明段] [2.图画/图表描述段] 第二段：[3.对立观点陈诉段]（四，六级多用） [4.利弊说明段] [5.意义阐述段] [6.原因列军段] [7.举例段] 第三段：[8.归纳结论段] [9.趋势预测段] [10建议措施段] （本次整理中说明文只有两篇8.9书信，所以前8篇是复习的重点！） 第一部分 图画作文 （四篇） 1. 关于爱心 （01年真题） Love is a lamp [1.现象/现状说明段] Love is of utmost importance to us humans. Everybody not only needs love， but also should give others love. As can be seen from the picture， love is a lamp which is brighter in darker places. This is indeed true. People in darker places need more light than other people. Maybe even a dim light can give them much hope for a better life. Maybe just a thread of light will call forth their strength and courage to help them step out of their difficulties. [7.举例段] I can think of no better illustration of this idea than the following example（s）。For instance when someone is starving to death， just a little food and water from you may save his（her） life. Again， when a little girl in a poor rural area drops out of school because of poverty， just a small sum of money from you may support her to finish school and change her life. In these case/circumstances you have given love which is like a lamp in a dark place where light is most needed. [8.归纳结论段] To sum up， we should offer our help to all the needed. We expect to get love from others and we also give love to others. So when you see someone in difficulty or in distress and in need of help， don‘t hesitate to give your love to him （her）。 I believe that the relationship between people will be harmonious and that our society will be a better place for us to live in. 2. 空气污染（隐形杀手） [2.图画/图表描述段] Pollution is becoming more and more serious all over the world. As is shown in the cartoon， two cars are giving off waste gas and three people are trying to avoid breathing in the poisonous gas by masking their face with their hands. The poisonous gas sent off by factories， domestic appliances and automobiles has made the air unhealthy for people to breathe. [5.意义阐述段] There is no denying that automobiles are indications of civilization， progress and development； nevertheless ， automobiles cause the serious problem of air pollution. Scientists have warned that unless effective measures are taken， the problem of pollution will eventually get out of hand. Actually， people are showing a real concern over the problem. For example， there is an increasingly loud voice from the public for firm action against pollution from automobiles. [10建议措施段]Indeed， the earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and for our descendants. In my opinion， we should work out concrete solutions to the problem of pollution from poisonous gas given off by automobiles. For example， the automobiles should be equipped with a device which can dispose of waste gas so as to prevent it from polluting air. Only in this way can we really solve the problem of air pollution caused by automobiles. 3. 沙漠化 [2.图画/图表描述段]As is shown in the picture， we can see clearly the relation ship between people and desert. In the left hand picture， people are fleeing from greedy sand hills because they cut down all the trees. The caption reads， As the sand advances， we retreat. In the right hand picture， the people have returned carrying tools， water， and young trees to plant the land again. The caption reads： As we advance， the sand retreats. [5.意义阐述段]It seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message about the importance of trees in water and soil conservation and the need for everyone to fight against the danger of the desertification. In fact， what he is saying is that the sand hills will drive away from the land if we do fight against the sand. If we let this situation continue as it is ， our environment will suffer a great destruction. [10.建议措施段]The best way to fight back against the greedy desert in made clear in the second picture. There the local people are actively setting about the task of planting trees to reclaim the land and make it fertile. The fact that there are three people in the picture， each with a different job suggests that working together is the key to success in the battle against soil erosion. 4. 商业捕鱼（00年真题） A Brief History of World Commercial Fishing [2.图表描述段] As is shown in the pictures ，with the increase of commercial fishing ，the number of fishes dramatically（sharply） decreased .In one pictures ，there were various kinds of fish and only one fishing-boat in 1900 .On the contrary ，in1995 there was only one fish ，with many fishing-boats. [5.意义阐述段] The purpose of this picture is to show us that due （great enough） attention has to be paid to the decrease （decline） of ocean resources .Owing to over-fishing the number of fishes has obviously dropped .If we let this situation go （continue） as it is ，we do not know where fish will be in the future .By that time ，our environment will suffer a great destruction . [10.建议措施段] Therefore ，it is imperative for us to take drastic （effective） measures .For one thing ，we should appeal to our authorities to make strict laws to control commercial fishing .For another ，we should enhance（imperative arouse） the awareness of people that the ocean resources are very vital to us .Only in this way can we protect our ocean resources .Also I believe that we humans can overcome this difficulty ，and we will have a brighter future . 第二部分 图表作文（三篇） 5. 人口增长对野生动物的影响（99年真题） [2.图画/图表描述段] From these graphs， we can draw a conclusion that， with the growth of human population， the number of species has decreased rapidly in America， and some species have even vanished from our planet. [6.原因列军段]Why does this phenomenon appear？ There are several possible reasons for this. Above all， as the human population grows rapidly， a growing number of people came to live where some wild species have been living. Then these species have to move to other places. Some of them probably can not adapt to the new environment and die. In addition， although many people look on the wildlife as their friends， some people may not think so. They catch a lot of wild animals and sell them in order to get more money. Even worse（坏）/More importantly（好）， as the result（中性） /consequence（贬义）of the industry， the natural balance and the ecologic environment are destroyed. The clear cutting has become increasingly serious. So some of the wildlife become homeless and extinct. [10.建议措施段]In order to protect the wildlife， I have some suggestions. First， the governments should make laws to prevent them from being caught and killed. Second， the governments should educate people to love nature and protect it. Third， as for ourselves， we should take practical actions to protect our living environment. 6 烟草生产和消费（01年大纲样题） [1.现象/现状说明段]The majority of people would agree that cigarette smoking has caused serious problems. But the tobacco companies insist that they contribute greatly to the world economy by paying taxes to the government and employing hundreds of workers. [4.利弊说明段]Personally， I believe that cigarette production and consumption threatens to do more harm than good. Firstly， smoking is responsible for many fatal diseases such as lung cancer， heart diseases and so on. According to the survey， tobacco consumers account for about 20% of the world population， and among them， three million people die from smoking-related diseases every year. The fact that the output of tobacco production is reduced from 143.64 billion pounds in 1994 to 142 billion pounds in 1995 also suggests that people have come to realize the negative effects of smoking. Secondly， tobacco consumption is extremely wasteful of money. As is indicated in the pictures， 200 billion US dollars is lost due to smoking each year. Obviously， the total loss of money aroun the globe substantially exceeds the gain in the industry. [8.归纳结论段]In conclusion， as the economic development aims at making our life better， we cannot sacrifice our health for short-term financial benefits. If we have to spend more and more money providing medical services for those who suffer from smoking-related illnesses， the notion of promoting economy via tobacco production is not justifiable. It is high time that we fought for the total tobacco ban. 7. 日用花销统计 Statistics in People‘s Daily Expenses in Xi’an YearItem 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Food 66% 61% 48% 41% 36% Clothing 9% 10% 12% 15% 18% Recreation 4% 5% 8% 9% 11% [2.图画/图表描述段]What is shown in the table above indicates that dramatic changes have taken place in the daily expenses in Xi‘ an from 1995 to 1999. The expenses on food have declined by 30% while those on clothing and recreation have increased respectively by 9% and 7%. The statistics of rise and fall seem to exist in isolation but closely related to one another. [6.原因列军段]There are two factors accounting for these changes. Development in economy is an essential one in the five years. The increased income resulting from economic growth plays an important part in the less expense on food. Hence， a small percentage of total income is enough to cover food expense. Another one is the changes in life style. When food presents no worry to the average， people begin to focus more of interest on handsome appearance and happy leisure time. As a result of such a shift， spending on clothing and recreation increased year after year. [9.趋势预测段]From the analyses made above， we may come to the conclusion that people‘s living standards in Xi’ an have been constantly improved between 1995 and 1999. With the further growth in economy and more changes in life style， the tendency indicated in the table will continue in the table will continue in the better direction. 第三部分 事务信函 （二篇） 8.咨询信 A letter of Inquiry You wish to study at a certain foreign university. Write a letter inquiring about the situation there as regards accommodation， fees and qualifications. Dear Sir I am a Chinese citizen who wishes to study at your university. My plan is to start my course next term， and I would be grateful if you would be kind enough to provide me with certain essential information. First， what qualifications do I need to follow a course of study at your university？ I already have a master‘s degree from a university here in China， but I wonder if there are any further academic requirements. Second， how much are the tuition fees？ Although I intend to be self – supporting， I would be interested to hear if there are any scholarships available for international students. Third， what is the situation as regards accommodation？ I would prefer a single room， which is more conducive to studying， but if single rooms are expensive， I would be willing to share. I look forward to your reply， and to attending your esteemed institution. Yours sincerely， Li Ming 9. 请求信 A Letter of Request You find that your study load is too heavy. Write a letter to your college teacher explaining why you need to withdraw from two courses. Ask if it is possible to obtain a refund. Dear Prof. James， I am writing to formally request to withdraw from two courses： Introduction to Elementary Education （EDU 602） and Teaching Methods （EDU 619）。 The main reason for reducing my course load is that I am finding it extremely difficult to manage six courses. In the beginning of the term， I was perhaps overly optimistic about juggling both my full – time studies and my part – time job （20 hours/week）。 Because I really must work part time， I have no other choice but to decrease my course load. I am planning on taking the two courses during the summer semester， if they are available， so that I will be able to complete all the courses for the degree program by the following year. I would also like to request a tuition refund， and hope I am not too late to receive the full reimbursement. I am sorry for any inconveniences I have caused by this change in plans. This decision was not taken lightly， and I do appreciate the king consideration you have shown to me. Thank you for your attention to these requests. If you have any questions， please feel free to contact me at 277-9144. I look forward to hearing from you soon. Sincerely yours， Jane Carter |
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