Geographers compare and contrast 71 places on the earth.
71. A) similar B) various C) distant D) famous
译文:地理学家比较和对照地球上的什么地方。
很明显要求填一个形容词来修饰places. 如果单从语法的角度而言,A、B、C、D四个选项都能入选,出题者精心设计只为考察compare和contrast的精确含义。compare意为to exam for similarities and differences, contrast意为to compare in order to show differences。综合两个词的含义,应为“找出其相似之处与不同之处”。这样一来,答案不言自明。既然不同与相同皆不可抛,答案A)必然错误,“similar”(相似的)只揭示了两者的相同、相似,未照应不同,故必不入选。而答案C)distant “遥远的”、D) famous“著名的”均与“相似与不同”不搭界,所以也一并排除掉,剩下B)various“各种各样”为正确答案。“各种各样”既囊括相似之处,又溶入“不同几许”,既照应compare,又体现了contrast的含义。所以考生在应试时对于某些重点单词的理解,不能只局限于中文,而应从英文的角度,逐字理解。
The foreign research scholar usually isolates himself in the laboratory as a means of protection; 77 , what he needs is to be fitted into a highly organized university system…
77. A) otherwise B) moreover
C) however D) also
根据上下文,空格前的意思为“外籍研究学者通常把自己隔离在实验室里作为 一种保护的手段”。空格后为“他需要融入的是高度的组织化的大学系统”。前者是 一种孤离的状态“isolate”,而后者都是一种组织化的系统“be fitted to a higly organized university”,从逻辑的角度而言,前后已然成为对立、矛盾的关系。所以77空所填的连词必然是能将前后平衡的表示对比(转折)关系的连词however.
(三)结构识别。这里讲到的结构,是指英文中表祯句子结构的固定词组,如not only…but…,as well, some…the others…, still others…等。
(四)固定搭配。这里的固定搭配,是指动词与名词之间的搭配。如:同样是“利用……”, 却有不同的搭配take advantage of sth. /make use of sth.
“In the United States professors have many other duties 86 teaching, such as administrative or research work . 87 , the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited.”