Movies are marked into different ratings in the United States to be suitable for the various audiences.People are always curious about how these ratings are set.The current rating system was created by Jack Valenti,president of the Motion Picture Association of America in 1968 as a voluntary alternative to government censorship.(1)_______________________.Valenti himself has nothing to do with the actual rating of films,other than appointing the ratings board chairman and approving hires.In the 12 member board of the Classification Rating Administration,nine are “junior raters”.The other three are “senior raters”,who function as a sort of “board within the board”.They take the lead in discussing the rating with the directors.After a screening, each rater who attended it(not every one sees every film) writes a preliminary report recommending a rating.Then the board meets and discusses the ratings and the raters then make the final reports.These reports are then filed away at the MPAA.(2)_______________________.Because there are few clear standards,the raters often resort to unofficial guidelines—such as “sex equals adult material”.But they avoid considering the movie as a whole.Regarding language, the rules seem clear enough.One sexual remark automatically results in a PG rating(Paternal Guidance suggested inappropriate for children under 13).Two sexual sentences automatically result in R rating (Restricted) .However, many in Hollywood argue that this is too narrow,(3)__________________________________________.
