What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?
A.A lack of mates
B.A fierce competition
C.A lower survival rate
D.A defective gene
此题是考研历史上一道典型的难题。信息出处来源于文章第一自然段:
Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. (以下省略)
In the Westerner's eyes, the postwar Japan was__________
A under aimless development
B a positive example
C a rival to the West
D on the decline
这也是考研历史上一道典型的难题,错误率很高。此题考查的内容就是文章的第一段。
Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work moral values. Ten year age young people were hard-working and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don‘t know where they should go next.
Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
「正确思路」考生应该非常敏锐的感觉到由先行的结构上的变化而昭示出来的意思上的变化。典型的新老观点对比型的文章,But承上启下,其前是老观点,歧视没有了;其后是新观点,一种新的歧视还在暗中存在。一定注意:这才是作者真正想表述的观点。题目问的是AAAA和Zodiac两个出租汽车公司为什么被提到。第二段第一句话就提到了这两个公司,即“It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.”很明显,此句并没有提及这两个出租汽车公司的例子说明了什么问题。整个第二段也没有提到。答案只有在第一段中寻找。而第一段but后的观点正是作者想要通过整篇文章要说明的观点,即按字母顺序排序歧视依然是现在暗中滋长的一种歧视方式。而AAAA公司之所以比Zodiac公司更有优势的事实无非就是说明了这个观点。留意A选项说例子说明了它是一种被忽略的不公平。而overlooked inequality(被忽略的不公平)一词正是对原文insidious form〔暗中的(歧视)形式〕很好的改写。所以A选项正确。B选项错在形容词conspicuous(显著的),与原文insidious的意思相反。
Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won‘t multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?
「解题经验」除了but,还有其他很多转折连词,如常见的:yet,however,nevertheless,nonetheless, on the other hand, notwithstanding,controversially,conversely等词或词组都可以起到结构上变化的效果。考生要多看多练,扩展自己的眼界。另外,试题可以通过多种形式来考查考生对文章结构变化引起的意思变化的掌握,比如不仅可以通过细节事实题来考查,还可以通过如此题这般的作者态度题来考查。但只要我们掌握了从结构变化中掌握意思变化的阅读技术,就可以从容地以不变应万变