Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed,if he has a reputation for slacking,you might even be outraged. Such behavior is regarded as all too human, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
[分析] 等价结构一：fat 呼应bigger
等价结构二：outraged=grievance（两句之间是递进结构）。
等价结构三：“all too human”=other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance（逗号之后为解释）
And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all， the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber， or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed， the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber （without an actual monkey to eat it） was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.
Feelings of righteous indignation， it seems， are not the preserve of people alone.
[分析] 等价结构：preserve= alone（由not…alone结构可知）。
However,whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans,or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
[分析] 等价结构：stems from=evolved（or连接并列结构）。
Text 3（2005）
And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.
[分析] 等价结构：harnessed=brought under conscious control（not only…but连接递进结构）。
Text 4（2005）
Mr. McWhorter’s academic specialty is language history and change,and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”， for example， to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.
[分析] 等价结构：no more regrettable=natural （and连接并列结构）
Equally,in poetry,the highly personal,performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness.
