一、否定型倒装

所谓否定型倒装，指的是将含有否定意义的副词置于句首时，其后句子要用部分倒装。具体说来，这类倒装又有以下几个小类：

1. 将否定副词never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, nowhere 等置于句首时，其后引出部分倒装。如：

Hardly had the performance begun when the lights went out. 演出刚开始就停电了。

Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不怎么明白这个会议的重要性。

Never has there been such an effort to save whales from extinction. 如此抢救鲸鱼，以使其免于灭绝，是从来没有过的。

2. 将 no sooner…than…结构中的 no sooner置于句首时，其后引出部分倒装。如：

No sooner had we left the house than it began to rain. 我们刚离开家就开始下雨了。

No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off.  我们刚到机场，飞机就起飞了。

3. 将 not…until…结构中的 not…结构置于句首时，其后引出部分倒装。如：

Not until we lose our health do we realize its value. 等到失去了健康，才明白它的价值。

Not until I had read your letter did I understand the true state of affairs. 直到我看过你的信，我才了解事实真相。

4. 将 not only…but (also)…结构的not only…部分置于句首时，其后引出部分倒装。如：

Not only did we lose our money, but we were nearly killed. 我们不但丢了钱, 而且几乎丧了命。

Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲话更正确，而且讲得也较不费劲了。

5. 将no longer结构置于句首时，其后引出部分倒装。如：

No longer did he feel disappointed, but happy and hopeful. 他不再感到沮丧，而是高兴，充满希望。

6. 将not (a)…结构置于句首时，其后引出部分倒装。如：

Not a single word did she say. 她连一声也没有吭。

Not a soul was there to show us the way. 没有一个人给我们指路。

7. 将含有否定词的介词短语置于句首时，其后引出部分倒装。如：

At no time did he lose his self-contro1. 他始终没有失去控制力。

On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝 不能触摸的。

In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him. 无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。

注：in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序。如：

In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。

【典型考题】(答案分别为ADBA)

1. —Did Linda see the traffic accident?

—No, no sooner _______ than it happened. (2006天津卷)

A. had she gone                   B. she had gone                   C. has she gone                    D. she has gone

2. I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means ______ with my progress. (2006重庆卷)

A. the teacher is not satisfied                                           B. is the teacher not satisfied

C. the teacher is satisfied                                                D. is the teacher satisfied

3. Never in my wildest dreams ______ these people are living in such poor conditions. (2006安徽卷)

A. I could imagine               B. could I imagine                C. I couldn’t imagine            D. couldn’t I imagine

4. Never before _____ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. (2005上海卷)

A. has this city been             B. this city has been              C. was this city                    D. this city was

二、only型倒装

当“only+状语”位于句首时，其后句子要用部分倒装。如：

Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard. 他只有叫喊才能让别人听到他。

Only when we landed did we see how badly the plane had been damaged. 我们只是在着陆之后才看到飞机损坏的严重程度。

The pilot reassured the passengers. Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation had been. 飞机驾驶员要乘客们放心，这时我才明白刚才的情况有多危险。

【典型考题】(答案分别为DC)

1. Only then ______ how much damage had been caused. (2006陕西卷)

A. she realized                     B. she had realized               C. had she realized               D. did she realize

2. Only after my friend came _____. (2005福建卷)

A. did the computer repaired B. be repaired the computer

C. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired

特别说明：有时命题者不是利用位于句首的“only+状语”来考查倒装，而是倒过来，利用给定的倒装结构来考查对only的选择。如下面一题(答案选A)：

_____ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies. (2006浙江卷)

A. Only                          B. Just                                C. Still                                D. Yet

三、so型倒装

这类倒装主要见于以下两种情形：

1. 当副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。如：

So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。

So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想象它的速度。

So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。

2. 当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构。如：

You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。

She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。

If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。

【典型考题】(答案分别为BBA)

1. So difficult ______ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. (2006广东卷)

A. I did find                        B. did I find                        C. I have found                    D. have I found

2. ______ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. (2005江苏卷)

A. so curious the couple was                                         B. So curious were the couple

C. How curious the couple were                                       D. The couple was such curious

3. —It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?—Yes. ______ yesterday. (2006福建卷)

A. So was it                         B. So it was                         C. So it is                            D. So is it

特别说明：(1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither或nor。如：You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。

She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。

请看考题(答案选D)：

Mary never does any reading in the evening, ______. (2005全国卷)

A. so does John                    B. John does too                  C. John doesn’t too              D. nor does John

(2) 注意“So+助动词+主语”与表示强调或同意的“So+主语+助动词”的区别。如：

“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.” “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”

请看考题(答案分别为CD)：

1. — Maggie had a wonderful time at the party. —_____, and so did I. (2005安徽卷)

A. So she had                      B. So had she                       C. So she did                       D. So did she

2.—Father, you promised! —Well, _____. But it was you who didn’t keep your word first. (2005湖北卷)

A. so was I                         B. so did I                           C. so I was                          D. so I did

四、such型倒装

当such…that…结构中的such置于句首时，such后的句子要用部分倒装。如：

Such was his strength that he could bend iron bars. 他力气大得能把铁棍弯过来。

Such was the darkness of the night that I could see nothing. 那夜非常阴暗，我什么都看不到。

这类倒装虽然近年来高考英语没有考过，但同学们也不可忽视。请看两道模拟试题(答案分别为AB)：

1. ______ is the convenience of canned food that families eat less fresh food than they used to.

A. Such                              B. So                                  C. Few                                D. Little

2. ______ the influence of TV that it can make a person famous overnight.