【题型说明】历史地理类文章一般涉及某个国家、地区、河流、山脉、海洋、城镇等的地理位置以及与之相关的社会生活、社会风情、政治经济、人文历史、自然资源、文化习俗、文化遗产等方面的情况，相当一部分文章还附有图表供理解或选择。

【题型特点】这类阅读材料一般人名、地名、专有名词多，所以生词也显得多，再加之内容陌生，同学们读起来觉得语言艰涩，文章读完，不知所云，根本谈不上做出正确选择。

【备考方略】首先，坚定信心。你觉得难读，别人也一定觉得不容易。高考是一种综合能力测试，既考查考生的学识水平，同时也是考查考生的心理素质，即抗挫折能力。谁的心理素质好，谁就能在考场上立于不败之地。其次，要掌握一定的阅读技巧。同学们在阅读史地类阅读文章时，要重点弄清楚各个地名、人名之间的相互关系和各个国家、地区或城镇之间的地理方位，谁大、谁小，谁左、谁右、谁上、谁下，是相连还是分隔，是隶属还是独立的关系等等都要弄得清清楚楚、明明白白。再次，如果文章或试题有附图或附表，同学们一定要把附图或附表看懂、看明白。附图或附表的存在就是帮助我们更好地读懂和理解文章，辅助我们做好有关试题。所以，我们千万不能忽视附图或附表的作用。如果是纯历史类阅读理解材料，我们还可以结合所学历史知识，选择正确答案。

【实例分析】阅读下面的文章，然后做后面的阅读理解题：

There are some special traditions in Hawaii. People are very friendly and always welcome visitors. They give visitors a lei, a long necklace of beautiful fresh flowers. Men wear bright flowered shirts, and women often wear long flowered dresses. There are traditional Chinese, Japanese and Filipino holidays and all the holidays from the United States. They call Hawaii the Aloha State. Aloha means both hello and good-bye. It also means I love you.

Usually when people from different countries, races and traditions live together, there are serious problems. There are a few problems in Hawaii, but, in general, people have learned to live together in peace.

Hawaiians get most of their money from visitors, and most of the visitors come from the mainland and from Japan. there are so many people living in Hawaii now that there are residential(居住的)areas where there used to be farms. Some of the big sugar and apple companies have moved to the Philippines, where they do not have to pay workers as much money. The families of the first people who came from the U.S. mainland own the important banks and companies. Japanese are also buying or starting business.

1. A good title for this article might be _______.

A. Hawaii the Aloha State           B. Living in Peace Together

C. The Flower of Hawaii                  D. The Problems of Hawaii

2. The author wants to show that _______.

A. we should all go to Hawaii      

B. it is possible to learn to live together in peace

C. it is not possible to live together in peace

D. Hawaii is the only place where there is peace

3. A lei is a ____.

A. group of flowers                         B. bright flowered shirt

C. way to say hello and good-bye    D. necklace of flowers

4. Why have the peoples of Hawaii come to live in peace?

A. Because they have a beach.  

B. Because they are in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.

C. They really don’t live in peace.

D. Because they learned that it was best.

5. ____ plays an important part in development of Hawaii.

A. Modern industry                           B. Agriculture

C. The air line                                  D. Business in travel

【答案与解析】本文是地理知识, 介绍夏威夷的民族关系、风土人情及产业状况。

1. A。主旨大意题。本文主要讲了因其特殊的风土人情吸引了很多游客，旅游业发达，比较四个选项，再根据They call Hawaii the Aloha State 可知最佳答案为A。

2. B。事实细节题。从 in general, people have learned to live together in peace 可知答案为B。

3. D。事实细节题。从 They give visitors a lei, a long necklace of beautiful fresh flowers(a long necklace of beautiful fresh flowers即为 a lei 的同位语，故答案选D。

4. D。推理判断题。A、B并不能成为原因, C与事实不符，故答案选D。

5. D。推理判断题。从Hawaiians get most of their money from visitors...可推出答案为D。