2)具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时(特别特别特别提醒:否定词修饰主语的情况除外),句子一般要写成部分倒装句。此类词或短语常见的有:not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner … (than), hardly … (when), not only … (but also), not until… ,等。如: Not until twelve o'clock did he go to bed last night . 3)当so, often, only等表示程度、频率的副词放在句首时,句子一般要倒装。如: Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.
4)当there, here, then, now等副词在句首,且谓语是come, go, be等动词时,句子一般要全部倒装。其意义在于引起他人的注意。如果这类句子的主语是代词,则不用写成倒装句。如: Now, here comes the good part. 特别指出:在There be…的句式中,There只是个引导词而不是主语,真正的主语是后面作表语的名词或者名词短语。因此,There be…的句式都是全部倒装的句子。如:There are large numbers of students in the lecture hall.
5) 当out, in, away, up, bang等表示方位或拟声词放在句首时,句子一般要全部倒装。这类句子比自然语序的句子更为生动、形象。但如果这类句子的主语是代词,则不可以写成倒装句,对此提出严重警告。如: Away flew the bird. 不可以说:In came he and the lessons began.
6) 其他情况还有:省略了if的虚拟条件句、某些表示祝愿的句子、以及某些让步状语从句,等等也要用倒装句式。如:(省略了if的虚拟条件句)Had they not helped us, we could not have done it so successfully.
7) 由于修辞或是平衡句子的原因也可以用倒装句;也可以不用。这不是一条必须的规定。如Next to this one is another grand hotel which is beautifully decorated.用倒装,句子更加整致。
8) so位于句首表示强调时;only位于句首不修饰状语或状语从句时。如: She is very beautiful and so she is. Only this way can improve your English.另外as位于句首引导让步状语从句时主谓不倒装,只须把表语提到as前,且作表语的单数可数名词提到主语前时不带冠词。如:Tired as he was, he went on working. Child as he was, he knows a great deal. No matter置于句首, 亦不倒装。如:No matter how busy he is, he always comes to help me. If only这个句型中的语序是正常语序,也不倒装。
9)注意完全倒装句的特点:①主语是名词,谓语是不及物动词,如go, lie, com, run等;③句首是表示时间、地点、方向、方式的副词或介词短语,谓语是系动词或半系动词。如:Between Britain and Ireland, in the Irish Sea, lies the small Isle of Man.
10)直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时,有时也用倒装(也可不用),但主语为人称代词或引述动词后有间接宾语、状语时,不倒装噢。如:“I am coming” Jack said/said Jack,如果是代词,就只能说he said. 有间接宾语的情况如“Be quiet”the teacher told us.