一、相机抉择是财政政策的灵魂和关键
译文A：I． To adopt the appropriate approach in accordance with the specific situation is the soul and key to the fiscal policies
译文B：1． The good timing of decisions is the soul and key to fiscal policies
对具体经济情况作具体分析，相机抉择地实施适当的财政政策，是财政宏观调控的灵魂和关键。它是健全社会主义市场经济体制的需要，是加强宏观调控能力的需要，是提高党驾驭社会主义市场经济能力的需要。
译文A：To analyze the specific economic situation in details and to adopt the appropriate fiscal policy accordingly is the soul and key to the fiscal macro-control. It is a requisite of establishing a sound socialist market economy system, of strengthening the capability of macro-control, and of enhancing the Party’s competency in mastering socialist market economy.
译文B：Making detailed analysis of specific economic situation and implementing appropriate fiscal policy at the opportune time are the soul and key to fiscal macro-control. It meets the needs of improving socialist market economy system, strengthening macro-control capacity and increasing the Party’s capability of handling socialist market economy.
1993年以来，我国经济发展和宏观调控经历了两个非常重要的阶段。在此期间，党中央、国务院审时度势，把握时机，果断决策，及时采取了包括财政政策在内的一系列宏观调控措施。由于抉择得当，财政政策在熨平经济周期方面发挥了重要作用。1993年到1997年是治理通货膨胀的阶段，实行了适度从紧的财政政策（即紧缩性财政政策），有力地促进了国民经济成功实现“软着陆”，宏观经济运行环境的紧张程度得到明显缓解，物价涨幅回落到较低水平，形成了“高增长，低通胀”的良好局面；1998年以来是应对通货紧缩趋势的阶段，实施了积极的财政政策（即扩张性财政政策），9100亿元长期建设国债的持续发行，有效抵御了亚洲金融危机的冲击，每年拉动GDP增长1.5—2个百分点左右，推动了经济结构调整，有力促进了经济持续稳定快速发展。实践证明，根据经济形势的发展变化和宏观调控的特定任务适时相应调整财政政策，不仅是必要的，而且政策作用的空间是非常大的。
译文A：Since 1993, the economic development and macro-control have gone through two very crucial stages, during which the Central Committee of CPC and the State Council have taken into consideration the specific situation, have seized the opportunity, have made decisions decisively, and have taken a series of macro-control measures in time, including those concerning fiscal policies. Because of the appropriateness of the decision, the fiscal policies have played a vital role in smoothing the economic circle. From 1993 to 1997, there came the period of reining in inflation, when a moderately tight fiscal policy (contractionary fiscal policy) had been adopted, which had vigorously promoted the successful ‘soft-landing’ of domestic economy. Tension in the macro environment in which economy had operated had been relieved obviously. The price markup had fallen to a relatively low level and a favourable situation with ‘high increase and low inflation’ had formed. The period after 1998 has been a phase of handling deflation, when a proactive fiscal policy (expansionary fiscal polity) has been implemented. Long-term treasury bonds for construction worth 910 billion RMB have been issued continuously, which has effectively resisted the impact of Asian economic crisis, has raised the GDP by 1.5-2 percentage points every year, has promoted economic restructuring and has energetically facilitated sustained, stable, and fast economic development. It has been testified in practice that the timely adjustment of related fiscal policies in accordance with the development and changes of economic trend as well as specific missions of macro-control is not only a necessity, but also a policy with great potential to function against a more extensive background.
译文B：Since 1993, China’s economic development and macro-control have gone through two very crucial phases. During this period of time, the Party central committee and State Council took into account the real situation, seized opportunities and made wise decisions. We adopt macro-control measures including fiscal policy in time. Thanks to the sensible decisions, fiscal policy played an important role in smoothing the economic cycle. From 1993 to 1997, we focused on tackling inflation. We carried out moderately tight fiscal policy (contractionary fiscal policy). It greatly facilitated the “soft landing” of our national economy, eased the tension in the macro-economic operational environment and slowed down the trend of price hike. As a result, we successfully forged a sound situation featuring fast growth and low inflation. From 1998 till now, we have been focusing on dealing with deflation. We implemented proactive fiscal policy (expansionary fiscal policy). Through continuously issuing 910 billion Yuan worth of long-term construction T-bond, we successfully guarded against the impact of Asian Financial Crisis. The proactive fiscal policy contributed 1.5 to 2 percentage points to our GDP, pushed forward economic restructuring and promoted sustained, steady and fast economic development. Practice proves that it is necessary to adjust fiscal policy in accordance with the development and changes in the economic situation as well as specific macro-control tasks. Moreover, there is still bigger role for policy to play.作者: louise0617 时间: 2009-3-19 10:16
