In diplomacy and international relations, shuttle diplomacy is the action of an outside party in serving as an intermediary between (or among) principals in a dispute, without direct principal-to-principal contact. Originally and usually, the process entails successive travel ("shuttling") by the intermediary, from the working location of one principal, to that of another.
The term was first applied to describe the efforts of United States Secretary of StateHenry Kissinger, beginning November 5, 1973,[1] which facilitated the cessation of hostilities following the Yom Kippur War.
Negotiators often use shuttle diplomacy when the one or both of two principals refuses recognition of the other prior to mutually desired negotiation. Mediators have adopted the term "shuttle diplomacy" as well.[2]
Examples
Kissinger continued to participate in shuttle diplomacy in the Middle East during the Nixon and Ford administrations (1969-1977); it resulted in the Sinai Interim Agreement (1975) and arrangements between Israel and Syria on the Golan Heights (1974)[3]. The term became widespread during Kissinger's service as Secretary of State.
In a major outbreak of Israel-Hezbollah fighting in 1996, U.S. Secretary of State Warren Christopher conducted shuttle diplomacy, traveling to, among other places, Syria. Having persuaded the Syrians to rein in Hezbollah, Christopher achieved a cease-fire.[citation needed]
In 2008 Matthew Nimetz carried out shuttle diplomacy between Greece and the Republic of Macedonia to resolve the Macedonian naming dispute.[citation needed] Turkey has carried out shuttle diplomacy, often involving Israel: Turkey was Israel's closest ally in the Muslim world, and some Arab countries (notably Syria, which has common borders with Turkey, and with Israel) have been amenable to Turkey, with its own Muslim majority population, taking that role.[4] Another instance took place between Russia and Georgia in 2008.[5]作者: tingroom 时间: 2011-9-5 13:34
.gif)
很认真。.gif)