英语四级听力题之短文理解 英语四级, 选择题, 文章

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　　四级听力题目构成与比例：
　　小对话： 8% 选择题 共8道对话，每题长约1分钟
　　长对话： 7% 选择题 共2段对话，每段长约3分钟
　　听力短文： 10% 选择题 共3篇文章，每篇长约3分钟
　　复合式听写：10% 听写填空 填8个单词和三句话，放音三遍，共计8分钟
　　听力位于考试的卷二部分，共占全卷35%。

短文听力

　　短文听力一般篇幅比较长，而且问题又出现在整个材料读完之后，所以对很多考生来说，如果完全听完材料，再听问题最后选择的话，就很容易忘记刚刚在材料中所听到的内容，尤其是当考察一些细节题目的时侯。针对这一情况，我们提供如下四种方法，在听材料的同时选出答案来。分别是：首尾法、视听一致原则、替换法、短词题解题法。
　　1、首尾法：根据统计，一篇听力材料，比较容易出题的地方是这篇材料的前几句和后几句。而且分别针对的是这篇材料所对应题目的第一道和最后一道。因此，对于“慢热型(听过几句话之后，才能集中起注意力来，但这时很可能第一道题目的正确答案已经被读过)”的同学来说，从材料的第一句话就要开始注意听了。一旦错过了正确答案针对的那句话，就可能没有机会选出正确选项了。下面举一个典型的例子：
　　以2009年6月的四级考试第三篇短文听力为例，、
　　Q32: Why is life said to be difficult for Hollywood kids?
　　Q35: What will probably have negative effects on the lives of Hollywood kids?
　　32. A) The atmosphere they live in is rather unreal.
　　B) Their parents put too much pressure on them.
　　C) It’s hard for them to get along with other kids.
　　D) They have to live in the shadow of their parents.
　　35. A) The lifestyle depicted in Hollywood movies.
　　B) The worship of money, beauty and pleasure.
　　C) The attention the media focuses on them.
　　D) The pursuing of perfection in performance.
　　In Hollywood, everybody wants to be rich, famous and beautiful. Nobody wants to be old, unknown and poor. For Hollywood kids, life can be difficult, because they grow up in such an unreal atmosphere. Their parents are ambitious and the children are part of the parents’ ambitions. (首段)…Hollywood has always been the city of dreams. The kids there live unreal lives where money, beauty and pleasure are the only gods. Will children around the world soon start to think the same? Or do they already? (末段)
　　根据首段和末段的内容，我们很容易分析出，32题的答案是A，35题的答案是B。
　　2、同义替换法：如上题，在长对话和短文听力这两种题型中，约有30%的题目采用了替换法，采用同义的短语或单词替换。我们依旧以历年真题中的比较典型的一篇短文听力为例，这篇短文听力共有相对应的四道题目，都可以用我们的替换法解答。
　　14. A) He didn’t like physics any more. B) His eyesight was too poor.
　　C) Physics was too hard for him. D) He had to work to support himself.(D)
　　15. A) He was not happy with the new director.
　　B) He was not qualified to be an engineer.
　　C) He wanted to travel.
　　D) He found his job boring.(A)
　　16. A) He wanted to work with his friend.
　　B) He enjoyed traveling around the world.
　　C) He wanted to go to Spain.
　　D) He was rejected by the engineering firm.(C)
　　17. A) He enjoyed teaching English.
　　B) He wanted to earn more to support his family.
　　C) The owner of the school promised him a good position.
　　D) He could earn more as a teacher than as a travel agent.(B)
　　听力原文(部分)及问题如下
　　When I was at school, my ambition was to be a pilot in the Air Force. But my eyesight wasn't good enough. So I had to give up the idea. I went to university and studies physics. I wanted to stay on there and do research, but my father died at about that time. (14)So I thought I'd better get a job and earn my living. I started working in an engineering firm. I expected to stay in that job for a long time. But then, they appointed a new managing director.(15) I didn't get on with him, so I resigned and applied for a job with another engineering company. …He offered me a job in Spain.(16)And I've always liked Spain, so I took it. I worked in the travel agency for two years and then they wanted to send me to South America. But I had just got married. So I decided to stay here. (17)Then we had a baby and I wasn't earning enough to support the family. So I started giving English lessons at a school in the evening. …
　　Questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.
　　14. Why did the man give up studying physics?
　　15. Why did the man resign from the engineering firm?
　　16. Why did the man take the job at the travel agency?
　　17. Why did the man start to teach English part time?
　　解析：
　　14和15是在同义短语结构上的替换。
　　第14题，正确答案是D，是把原文中的结构“earn my living”换成了选项中的“support himself”，其含义是“谋生”。(D)
　　第15题，正确答案是A，是把原文中的结构“not get on with somebody”换成了选项中的“not happy with somebody”，其含义是“与某人相处的不好”。
　　16和17题是在句义上的替换。
　　第16题，正确答案是C，是把原文中的结构“I've always liked Spain”换成了选项中的“He wanted to go to Spain”。
　　第17题，正确答案是B，是把原文中的结构“I wasn't earning enough to support the family.”换成了选项中的“He wanted to earn more to support his family”。
　　3、视听一致原则：这个方法已经在之前的长对话中演示过了。
　　4、短词题解题法：短词题指的是选项只有极少量单词构成，很多时候只有一个单词。解答这种题目采用的方法是“重复法”，即，哪个选项中的单词被读到的次数最多就为正确选项，例如，在某年考试中，有些题目被最多地读到了5次。另外，短词题的重复法不仅可以使用于短文听力，而且可以使用为长对话，例如：
　　2007年12月第24题
　　A)Translator. B)Travel agent. C)Language instructor. D)Environmental engineer.
　　其中，A选项中的translator被读到了3次，可判断为正确选项。而其他单词均未被读到。

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