专业四级：词汇、语法详细解答40套(01)a 四级, 语法, 词汇, 专业, 解答

幽幽草

Test One
集体名词作主语主谓一致
1)通常作复数的集体名词
集体名词，如：police, people,cattle,militia,poultry等，
通常作复数，用复数动词。如：
Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.
2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词
有些集体名词，如foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。例如：All the machinery in the factory is made in China.
3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词
集体名词，如audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等，既可作单数，也可作复数用。
The city council is meeting to set its agenda.
4)a committee,etc. of +复数名词
如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用单数。
例如：
A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.
近义词辨析
tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, wornout
这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。
tired
可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息，还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。
Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲惫，一到家就上床睡觉去了。
exhausted
表达的疲惫程度最强，指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。
The exhausted engineer fell asleep on the bus.精疲力竭的工程师在公共汽车上睡着了。
fatigued
所表达的疲劳程度比tired和weary强，表示由于过度劳累而引起疲乏，不能再继续下去。
He felt fatigued and didn’t want to say a single word.他疲惫不堪，不想说一句话。
weary
语气比tired强，指由于长时间努力工作或由于做单一的事而引起疲倦。
After a long and weary wait, the plane finally came to take them back.经过漫长而又令人疲乏的等待后，飞机终于来接他们回去了。
wornout
这个词不太正式，多用于口语。
The troops were wornout after winning the battle.战后,部队疲惫不堪。

幽幽草

试题答案与解析

1. C)【句意】虽然只懂一点西班牙语，但他还是参加了这个课程的学习。

【难点】know是静态动词，不能用于进行时；选knows从句中又缺少主语。knowledge作“知识”讲时是不可数名词，但作“了解”讲时，前面可加“a”，常用于词组have a knowledge of中，所以选C)。

2. B)【句意】你本应该给詹姆斯写信，然而，你没写。

【难点】ought to have written是虚拟语气，与本句句意相符。

3. B)【句意】约瑟夫幸运地逃了性命；他险些没从房间里逃出来。

【难点】to have escaped 是不定式的完成式，表示过去的某一动作业已完成。

4. A)【句意】黄油面包受西方人青睐。

【难点】bread and butter 是西方人吃的一种食品，虽然有三个字，表达的却是一个东西，并且是不可数名词，作单数。

5. A)【句意】我家的后花园有一片草坪，夏天坐在上面会令你心旷神怡。

【难点】which引出非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语，且和sit on 构成动宾关系。类似的句子有：This room is comfortable to live in 这句中live in 和this room构成动宾关系。

6. C)【句意】他独自一人开始经商，并且做得很成功。

【难点】on one’s own 是个常用的介词词组，意为“独自”；of one’sown表示“某人自己的(东西)”，如：I have a flat of my own.我自己有套房子。

7. C)【句意】约翰的考试分数全班最高；他昨天晚上一定学习了。

【难点】表示对过去某一动作行为的猜测须要用must have done这一句型结构。

8. B)【句意】弗兰克几乎从未受过任何教育，是不是?

【难点】这是一句含有否定副词never的一般过去时的句子，由于主句为否定形式，所以反意问句用肯定形式。

9. C)【句意】即使他的信明天到也无济于事了。

【难点】在条件句中表示现在将来的时间，需要用一般现在时，主句中使用将来时。

10. C)【句意】我们在房间的后面也能听得很清楚。

【难点】as well意为“(程度)同样地好”，是副词短语修饰动词hear；just表示程度，意为“刚好”。

11. A)【句意】为获得一个满意的结果，你必须在一个干净的表面上涂两层油漆。

【难点】coat意为“覆盖物，层”;level意为“(建筑物)楼层”;times意为“次，回”;courses意为“(一层)砖面；一排”。

12. C)【句意】这个小山村被大雪封住达一个多月。

【难点】cut back意为“削减；缩减”;cut out意为“停止；切下”;cut off意为“切断；使隔断”;cut away意为“切除；砍掉”。

13. A)【句意】格林小姐因酒后驾车被罚100美元。

【难点】fine意为“处…以罚金”;charge意为“要(价)，收(费)，要(人)支付(钱)”;punish意为“罚，惩罚”;pose意为“造成，引起(困难)”。

14. B)【句意】现代技术所引发的问题也许比它所能解决的要多。

【难点】technique意为“技法；具体的技术”;technology意为“工业技术”;tactics意为“战术，兵法，策略”；tendency意为“倾向”。

15. C)【句意】玛丽蹑手蹑脚走过来把钟拿走了，因为她讨厌在自己想睡觉的时候听它滴哒地响。

【难点】sound意为“作声，发声，响”;ring意为“鸣，发出清脆响亮的声音”;tick意为“发出滴哒声”;hum意为“发连续低沉的声音(如蜜蜂、马达的嗡嗡声)”。

16. C)【句意】在这种强大的压力下，一些岩石甚至变成了液体。

【难点】intensive意为“加强的；集中的”;weighty意为“沉重的；笨重的”;intense意为“强烈的，剧烈的”;bulky意为“庞大的；粗壮的”。

17. C)【句意】当然，大多数移民不是一夜之间就发财的，但是他们大多最终改善了自己的生活水平。

【难点】maximum意为“最大限量；最高点”;minority意为“少数，半数以下”;majority意为“大多数”;minimum意为“最低限度，最低点”。

18. A)【句意】南希对他们的离婚表示十分惊讶，因为他们似乎是一对快乐的夫妇。

【难点】split up意为“分裂，离婚”;break down意为“(精神方面)垮掉；(健康)变得

衰弱；崩溃”;fall through意为“失败；成为泡影”;knock out意为“使筋疲力尽”。

19. B)【句意】这片海滩所处位置理想，吸引了很多游客。

【难点】condition意为“状况；形势”;situation意为“位置，地点，环境”;state意为“状态，情形”;publicity意为“公众的注意，名声”。

20. D)【句意】我们的感官能力随着年龄的增长而下降。比如说，到60岁的时候，多数人失去了他们40%的嗅觉能力和50%的味觉能力。

【难点】sensible意为“明智的，合情理的”;senseless意为“失去知觉的，不省人事的”;sensitive意为“敏感的”;sensory意为“感觉的，传递感觉的”。

21. B)【句意】他们的大孩子被彻底宠坏了，因为他要什么，他们就给什么。

【难点】waste意为“使衰弱；使消瘦”;spoil意为“宠坏，溺爱”;destroy意为“破坏；毁灭”;uneducated意为“未受(良好)教育的”。

22. C)【句意】如果一种物质溶解在水里或被加热，它可能释放出一种气体。

【难点】give into为非固定搭配；give over意为“托付，交托”；giveoff意为“散发”；give away意为“送掉，分发(奖品)等”。

23. C)【句意】他那平易近人的风度使得博拉立刻放松了情绪。

【难点】at peace意为“和平地”;at large意为“自由地；大体地”;at ease意为“不拘束”;at best意为“至多”。

24. A)【句意】——你明天能休一天吗?

——呵，我要征得老板的允许。

【难点】permission意为“允许”；permit意为“许可证”；allowance意为“津贴”；possession意为“拥有”。

25. C)【句意】詹妮特的性格缺陷阻碍了她事业进步。

【难点】weakness意为“弱点；嗜好”;merit意为“优点，长处”;defect意为“缺点，缺陷”;shortcoming意为“缺点，短处”。

幽幽草

全真模拟试题

1. Although ____ Spanish, he attended the course.

A. he was knowingB. he is knowing

C. having a knowledge ofD. knows

2. You ____that letter to James. However, you didn’t.

A. ought to writeB. ought to have written

C. should writeD. should be writing

3. Joseph was very lucky ____ with his life; he almost did not get out of the room.

A. to escapeB. to have escaped

C. to escapingD. to be escaping

4. Bread and butter ____liked by Westerners.

A. isB. areC. wereD. be

5. The back garden of our house contains a lawn, ____very pleasant to sit on in summer.

A. which isB. which it isC. it isD.where it is

6. He set up in business ____ his own and was very successful.

A. inB.ofC.onD. by

7. John’s score on the test is the highest in the class; he ____　last night.

A. must studyB. should have studied

C. must have studiedD. is sure to study

8. Frank almost never received any education, ____?

A. would heB. did he

C. didn’t heD. wouldn’t he

9.Even if his letter ____ tomorrow, it ____too late to do anything.

A.will arrive...isB.should arrive...were

C.arrives...will beD.arrives...would be

10. We can hear____from the back of the room.

A. just as goodB.just as easy

C.just as wellD.easily as well

11. To obtain a satisfactory result, one must apply two ____of paint on a clean surface.

A.coatsB. levelsC.timesD. courses

12. The small mountain village was ____ by the snow for more than one month.

A. cut backB.cut out

C.cut offD. cut away

13. Miss Green was ____ $100 for driving after drinking.

A. finedB.chargedC.punishedD.posed

14. Modern ____ perhaps causes more problems than it solves.

A. technique B.technology

C. tactics D.tendency

15. Mary tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear it ____ when she was trying to go tosleep.

A. soundingB. ringingC. tickingD. humming

16. Under this ____ pressure some of the rocks even became liquid.

A. intensiveB.weightyC.intenseD.bulky

17. Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, but the ____ of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living.

A. maximumB.minorityC. majorityD.minimum

18. Nancy was surprised that they have ____. They seemed to be a happy couple.

A. split upB.broken down

C. fallen throughD. knocked out

19.The beach is in an ideal ____ to draw tourists.

A. conditionB. situationC. stateD. publicity

20. Our ____ sensitivity decreases with age. By age 60, most people have lost 40 percent of their ability tosmell and 50 percent of their taste buds.

A. sensibleB. senseless 

C. sensitiveD. sensory

21. The eldest child is thoroughly ____ because they always give him whatever he wants.

A. wastedB. spoiled

C.destroyed D.uneducated

22. If a substance is dissolved in water or heated, it may ____ a gas.

A. give intoB. give over

C. give offD. give away

23. His manner was so pleasant that Bolla felt at ____ with him at once.

A. peaceB. largeC. easeD. best

24. —Can you takethe day off tomorrow?

—Well, I’ll have to get ____ from my boss.

A. permissionB. permit

C. allowanceD. possession

25. The ____ in Janet’s character has hindered her from advancement in her career.

A. weaknessB. merit

C. defectD. shortcoming