美国大学的饮酒政策 美国, 大学, 饮酒

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Studying in the US: Rules About Alcohol

The legal age for drinking alcohol in the United States is twenty-one. Underage drinking is a crime but also a common part of college social life.

These policies differ from school to school, as do enforcement efforts. But many schools have been moving to strengthen their rules.

The United States has more than seventeen million students in higher education. Each year, one thousand seven hundred of them aged eighteen to twenty-four die from alcohol-related road crashes and other injuries.

Six hundred thousand more are injured while under the influence of alcohol. And almost seven hundred thousand are attacked by another student who has been drinking.

One behavior that college officials are trying to prevent is binge drinking, having four or five drinks or more in a short period of time. Some researchers have found that students who think binge drinking（酗酒，大量饮酒） is normal often overestimate how much other students really drink. A person can die of alcohol poisoning.

At the University of Oklahoma, new policies went into effect after a nineteen-year-old student died in two thousand four. He had been drinking heavily at a fraternity party（大学里的男生联谊会）.

Now alcohol is banned from all fraternity and sorority（n.女学生联谊会）houses and university housing. Student organizations can serve alcohol at events but only on Friday and Saturday nights. And they must provide for transportation to and from off-campus parties. Other new requirements include an alcohol education program that first-year students take online.

Since January of two thousand five, six hundred thirty-three students have had a first strike. Thirty have had a second strike —— and one has been suspended. An official at Oklahoma tells us the aim is not just to punish but to change behavior and the culture at the university.

在美国，法定饮酒年龄为21岁。未满年龄喝酒是违法的，但同时也确实是大学生活中一个常见的组成部分。
这些政策，作为强制实施的成果，校与校之间是各不相同的。然而，许多学校却越渐强化他们的规则。
美国有1700万学生接受高等教育。每年，18-24岁的学生中因与酒精有关的道路交通事故和其他伤害而死亡的人数达1700人。
60多万学生因受酒精影响而受伤。近70万学生曾遭受过醉酒学生的袭击。
大学官员正试图阻止这种酗酒行为，即在短时间内喝下四五瓶甚至更多。研究人员认为那些认为酗酒属于正常现象的学生往往过高地估计别的学生的真实饮酒量。人会因酒精中毒而死亡。
在俄克拉荷马大学，在2004年一名19岁的学生死亡之后，新的政策开始实施。这名学生是因为在兄弟联谊会上过量饮酒致死的。
现在所有的兄弟会，姐妹会和学生会都禁止饮酒。学生团体可以喝酒但仅限于星期五和星期六晚上，并且他们必须为校外聚会的去回自备好交通工具。另一些新的规定还包括一个饮酒教育课程，要求一年级学生通过网络学习。
自2005年1月以来，已有633名学生初犯，30名再犯——一1名休学。俄克拉荷马州的一名官员告诉我们这个政策的意义并不在惩罚而是改变大学生的行为和风气。