文都2006年春季四级讲义—英汉翻译技巧（3） 四级, 讲义

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10. 被动的翻译
首先，我们可以根据需要，用汉语主动句来表达英语被动句。
   如1. Their ship was wrecked on the rock.
          2. The official version of the incident has been challenged by many witnesses．
    3. The desks in the classroom were all spotted with ink．
4. He was regarded as the most successful young businessman of this year．

       其次，如果英语中的被动意义必须表达出来，那么可根据实际内容用下列词语来表示被动：“被”、“把”、“由”、“为”、“靠”、“遭到”、“受(到)”、“叫”、“让”、“加以”、“得到”、“是……的”、“使”、“给”、“为……所”等等。如：
     1. Many lakes and rivers have been polluted with industrial waste．
     2. Computers are being used widely in China．
     3. The classroom was cleaned by him．  
     最后，有些含有形式主语的英语句子，在英译汉时常改为主动句，可在汉译中加上主语“有人”、“人们”、“我们”、“大家”等，有的也可以不加。如：
    It is asserted that．．．              有人主张……
    It is believed that．．．              据信……
    It is generally considered that．．．    人们普遍认为……
    It is hoped that．．．               人们希望……
    It is reported that．．．             据报道……
    It is said that．．．                 据说……
    It is supposed that．．．             据推测．．．
    It is well-known that．．．          众所周知……
    It must be admitted that．．．        必须承认……
    It must be pointed out that．．．       需指出的是……
    It was told that．．．               据传……
    It will be said that．．．             有人会说……  
11．注意英语惯用法，俚语和俗语的翻译。
       Mr. Wilson talks a lot, but Mrs. Wilson wears the trousers in their house.
       It seems to me what is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander(公鹅).
       I hope she will always feel like a daughter of America, and not like a stepchild.
       It’s a lot easier to get in the hole than to get out again.