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标题: 12月10日时态学习交流:时态的含义,比较,统一和活用 [打印本页]

作者: 我是蚁族    时间: 2009-12-10 10:50     标题: 12月10日时态学习交流:时态的含义,比较,统一和活用

时态有五个问题要注意的,即格式,含义,比较,统一和活用。我很久以前就发上《时态的格式》,现在再发上《时态的含义,比较,统一和活用》,希望对初学者有所帮助。
Yours
Micropiggy

对于初学英语的朋友来说,时态是首先应该解决的问题之一。不懂时态,就无法进行阅读和写作,听和说也无从开始。现在学校里的时态的学习是像教数学那样的来编排的,所以往往初中毕业了还无法进行独立的阅读,这是学生不会用英语的主要原因之一。
我是在教学的头两三周内就让学生把十六个时态的格式背熟,在十周内就让他们把被动语态的格式背熟,在十几周就让他们了解常用时态的含义,比较和统一。通过学习新概念英语第二册及听故事,复述和默写使他们获得初步的语感,这样,在十周后学生就可以进行课外阅读,在二十周左右,学生就可以进行汉译英练习了。再过四十周左右,就可以进行自命题作文。一般经过二十篇左右的作文,学生就可以较自由的表达自己的意思了,以后的学习就较有路可循了。

时态的含义,比较,统一和活用

时态的理解和应用在开始时比较难的,要认真研究和写过多篇文章后才能做到。而能用之后又会发现,其实每篇文章里的时态都只是一种处理方案。就像我们的衣着可以有很多种配套一样,我们用时态也可以有多种方案,只要能表现文章的主题,就应该说是正确的。至于哪种是最佳的方案,则各人有个人的看法,所谓仁者见仁,智者见智了。这里所说的一点简单规律只是我自己教,学,用过程中的一点体会,并不很严谨,只是因为用这样的说法我的学生听得懂,容易用,所以我就整理出来,供大家参考。如果要找严谨的,面面俱到的解释,可以去看正式的语法书。
时态的含义
1.一般现在时表示真理性,经常性,习惯性,普遍性。[在口语里常用,在叙事性文章和故事里很少用]
例句:1.The earth is smaller than the sun. [状态][真理性]
2.Tom gets up early every morning. [动作][经常性和习惯性]
3.Everybody knows him. [普遍性]
2.过去时表示过去某一时间里发生的动作或状态。 [叙事性的文章和故事里最常用的时态]
例句:1.Yesterday we went to the park.[动作]
2.The book was there ten minutes ago. [状态]
3.将来时:表示将来某一时间里发生的动作或状态。
例句:1.Tom will help you tomorrow. [动作]
2.We shall be here in time next time. [状态]
4.过去将来时:表示从过去某一时间看将在以后某一时间里发生的动作或状态。[注意不要跟现在联系起来]
例句:1.Ten years ago, Mary said she would finish the work in a few days. [动作]
2. Yesterday he thought you would be a good player after five years. [状态]
5.现在完成时表示在现在之前就已经完成的动作或状态[要特别注意不包括现在]
例句:1.We have done our homework. [动作]
2.He has been a doctor now. .[状态]
6.过去完成时: 表示在过去某时之前就已经完成的动作或状态。
例句:1.Three days ago he had already finished his homework. [动作]
2.When he was a boy, he had already been a head of the boys. [状态]
7.将来完成时:表示在将来某时之前将完成的动作或状态。
例句:1.Tomorrow morning, I will have cleaned the windows. [动作]
2.Next Sunday, he will have been a new doctor. [状态]
8.过去将来完成时:表示在过去某一时间之前本该完成的动作或状态。[一般用于虚拟语态]
例句:1.If he had worked hard enough, he would have built a new house. [动作] [实际情况是因为他不够努力,所以新房子连影子都没有]
2.If he were alive, he would have been a doctor now. .[状态][实际情况是他已经去世,所以永远成不了医生]
9.现在进行时在现在之前开始,以后还要延续一段时间的动作。[要注意只有延续性动词可以用进行时]
例句:Tom is reading a book.
10.过去进行时:在过去某时之前开始,以后还要延续一段时间的动作。[要注意只有延续性动词可以用进行时]
例句:The dog was eating a bone.
11.将来进行时:在将来某时之前开始,以后还要延续一段时间的动作。[要注意只有延续性动词可以用进行时]
例句:At ten tomorrow morning, I will be writing the letter for you.
12.过去将来进行时:从过去某时来看将再以后某时之前开始,以后还要延续一段时间的动作。[要注意只有延续性动词可以用进行时]
例句:Jack told me that he would be working hard the next year.
13.现在完成进行时在现在之前就已经完成并且还要延续下去的动作。[较少用]
例句:Tom has been reading this book for over ten hours.
14.过去完成进行时:在过去某时之前就已经完成并且还要延续下去的动作。{很少用}
例句:The workers had been building the railway then.
15.将来完成进行时:在将来某时之前就已经完成并且还要延续下去的动作。{很少用}
例句:They will have been making their efforts after that time.
16.过去将来完成进行时:在过去某时之前看来将来某时应该已经完成并且还要延续下去的动作。{很少用}
例句:We thought they would have been doing physical training till then.
时态的比较时态的比较一般指的是动作或状态发生的先后。
过去时比现在时先发生:




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