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标题: 大学英语四级常用语法精选(4) [打印本页]

作者: 凉茶    时间: 2011-8-14 19:37     标题: 大学英语四级常用语法精选(4)

其他问题
   
    书名, 国家名用单数:
   
    Tales from Shakespeare is a book by Charles Lamb.
   
    学科名, 如mathematics, economics用单数.
   
many a 或more than one 所修饰的词作主语时, 谓语动词多用单数形式:
   
    Many a person has had that kind of experience.
   
    More than one person has involved in the case.
   
    a number of 后接复数, the number of后接单数:
   
    A number of books have been published on the subject.
   
    The number of books published on the subject is simply amazing.
   
    one of those 后用单数. 在“one of + 复数名词 +关系分句”结构中,关系分句中谓语动词的单复数形式在一般情况下有两形式,一是根据先行词采用复数形式:
   
    Joan is one of those people who go out of their way to be helpful.
   
    当one 之前友the only 等限定词和修饰语时,关系分句谓语动词根据one 而定,即采用单数形式:
   
    He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.
   
    Ⅱ 非谓语动词
   
    不定式
   
    形式


            主动形式                         被动形式
一般式 to do                            to be done
完成式 to have done               to have been done
进行式 to be doing   
完成进行式 to have been doing   
  

    完成式: 不定式的一般形式所表示的动作, 通常与主要谓语表示的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生, 或是在它之后发生. 假如不定式所表示的动作, 在谓语所表示的动作(状态)之前发生, 就要用不定式的完成式.
   
    I am glad to have seen your mother (= I am glad I have seen your mother).
   
    (比较: I am glad to see you.)
   
    He is said to have written a new book about workers.
   
    He pretended not to have seen me.
   
    进行式: 如果主要谓语表示的动作(状态)发生时, 不定式表示的动作正在进行, 这时要用不定式的进行式.
   
    You are not supposed to be working. You haven’t quite recovered yet.
   
    We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here.
   
    He pretended to be listening attentively.
   
    完成进行式: 在谓语所表示的时间之前一直进行的动作, 就要用不定式的完成进行式.
   
    The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years.
   
    We are happy to have been working with you.
   






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