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标题: 07考研英语全能突破(1)——词汇记忆 1 [打印本页]

作者: 幽幽草    时间: 2007-11-7 13:40     标题: 07考研英语全能突破(1)——词汇记忆 1

 第一编 词汇记忆方法
  一、合成词
download
onlooker
online
outdoor(s)
outlet
output/input
outstanding
outlook
outline
outside/inside
overall
overcoat
overtime
overnight
oversea(s)
overcome
overhead
overtake
overthrow
update
upright
upset
upstairs
upside-down
up-to-date
upwards
understanding
undergo
underground  undergraduate
underline
undertake
ballpen
blackboard
bathroom
basketball
chairman
daytime
earthquake
eyesight
fireplace
fisherman
football
footprint
framework
gunpowder
haircut
handbook
handball
handout
handwriting
headache
headquarter
headmaster
highway
keyboard
landlord
mainland  masterpiece
meantime
nearby
network
offspring
otherwise
overall
passport
platform
pencilbox
postcard
postman
railway/road
salesman
seaman
sightseeing
snowstorm
spacecraft/ship
sportsman
tradesman
viewpoint
warehouse
waterfall
waterproof
widespread
worldwide
well-known
(285)  
     剪截词
     dorm
     exam
     gym
     fridge
     photo
     maths
     high-tech
作者: 幽幽草    时间: 2007-11-7 13:41     标题: 07考研英语全能突破(1)——词汇记忆2

二、常见词缀:

  (一)前缀

  位置:ex-, e-, extra-, over-,out-, under-; in-, im-, inter-, mid-; pre-, sub-, sug-, suf-,     sup-, super-, sur-, post-; tele-; trans-; cross-

  大小多少:uni-, mono-, bi-, tri-, mini-, multi-, kilo-, micro-, macro-; semi-, hemi-; poly-,

  否定意义:anti-; de-; di-, dif-, dis-; counter-, anti-, contra-; in-, im-, il-, ir-; mis-, mal-; un-; non-, pseudo-,

  联想:col-, cor-, com-, con-; re-; vice

  变动词: be-, en/em

  其他:auto-, self-; bio-; by-, step-; ultra-

  (二)后缀

  表示人: -er, -ee, -eer, -or, -ar, -ian, -ent, -ant, -ist, -ese, -ess

  学科:-ology, -ture, -ics

  抽象意义----身份,状态,性质 -ity, -ship, -hood (加在名词后), -ness(加在形容词后)-th, -ure

  行为:-ment, -ion, -tion, -ation, -sion, -age, -ance/-ence (加在动词后)

  形容词后缀:-tive, -ous, ful/-less; able/ible, -ent, -ant; -ory, -ary; -like/ish; -ly; -y; -some; -ward

  动词后缀: -ize, -fy, -ate, 等
作者: 幽幽草    时间: 2007-11-7 13:43     标题: 07考研英语全能突破(1)——词汇记忆3

三、常见词根及构词

  pos = put 放置

  pose, position, expose, exposure, compose, composition, propose, proposal, oppose,

  opposition, impose, dispose, disposal, preposition

  tract = draw 拉,抽,引

  tractor, attract, attraction, attractive, distract, subtract, contract, abstract, drag, draw, straight, straighten, stretch

  sec, sequ = follow 跟随

  second, secondary, sequence, subsequent, consequence, consequently

  vid, vis, vey, vy = see 看

  visible, vision, visibility, invisible, visual, video, videophone, revise, revision, supervise, supervision, evident, evidence, visit

  spect=look 看

  spectator, spectacle, spectacular, prospect, inspect, inspection, expect, expectation, respect, respectable, respectful, respective, respected, suspect, suspicion, specific, despite

  mob, mov, mot = move动

  mobile, mobility, mobilize, automobile, motion, motive, motivate, motivation, motor, move, promote, promotion, emote, remote

  ced, ceed, cess , gress = go, walk 行走

  precede, proceed, procedure, process, exceed, excess, excessive, succeed, success, successful, succession, successive, successor, access, accessible, progress, congress, regress, aggressive

  rupt=break破

  bankrupt, interrupt, corrupt, disrupt, erupt

  mini, min = small, little 小

  miniskirt, minimize, minimum, minus, minute, minority, diminish

  scrib, scrip 写,记,抄

  describe, description, script, manuscript, prescribe, prescription

  dict, dic = say 言,说

  diction, dictionary, contradict, dictate, dictation, dictator, predict, prediction, predictable, indicate, verdict

  miss, mit = send 投,送,发

  mission, missile, dismiss, dismissal, transmit, transmission, emit, emission, promise, compromise, committee, commission

  port = carry 拿,带,运

  portable, import, export, transport, report, support

  leg, legis 法

  legal, legalize, illegal, legislate, legislation, legislature

  solu, solv 洗,溶解

  solution, solve, resolve, resolution, dissolve

  press 压

  impress, impression, express, suppress, depress

  viv, vit=live活:

  live, living, lively, survive, livelihood, alive, revive, vivid, vital, vitamin

  count=number:

  account, accountant, discount, number, numeral, numerous, innumerable

  ag=act 行动,做:

  action, exactly, react, interact, transact, radioactive, agent, agenda, agency,

  fac(t)=make做,作,制造:

  facility, factory, faculty, affect, defect, infect, perfect, efficient, fiction, artificial, proficiency, feasible

  sign=mark记号,信号:

  remark, signal, signature, design, designate, significance, resign

  du, doub, coup=two二:

  dual, double, doubtful, couple, dubious, duplicate, dual

  spher=ball球:

  balloon, ballot, hemisphere, atmosphere

  popul, publ=people人:

  popular, public, publicity, republic, publish, republican, population,

  men, min=mind心灵,精神:

  mind, remind, mention, mental, comment, memory, memorial, remember, commemorate

  struct=build建造:

  construct, instruct, obstruct, destruction, destroy

  fund, found=base基础:

  basement, basis, foundation, profound, fund, refund, fundamental

  part=divide分,分开:

  dividend, individual, particle, participate, particular, partner, apart, counterpart, depart, impartial, department, party, apartment, compartment

  pend,pens-hang悬挂:

  dependent, independence, append, appendix, suspend, pension

  duc(t)=lead引导:

  conduct, deduct, misconduct, educate, induce, introduce, produce, reduce,

  oper=work工作:

  operate, cooperate, opera

  ven,vent=come来:

  venture, adventure, avenue, convention, invent, eventually, prevent, intervene

  voc,vok=claim呼喊,叫喊,声音:

  proclaim, reclaim, exclaim, advocate, provoke, vocal, voice,

  sect=cut切,割:

  section, segment, intersection, sector

  grat, grac, gree=please高兴,感激:

  grace, grateful, gratitude, congratulation, agree, agreeable, greet, pleasure, pleasant, disagree

  vail, val=worth价值:

  worth, worthy, worthwhile, available, prevail, value, valid, validity, valve, evaluate, equivalent

  pel, peal, puls=drive驱动:

  appeal, compel, compulsion, compulsory, propel, pulse, impulse (320)

  alter改变;aptitude能力;disastrous灾难的;banish放逐; combat战斗;calculate推算;excavate挖掘;accelerate加速;certify证明; coincide, concur同时发生;circulate循环,流通;declination倾斜,下垂;discord不和;durability耐久性;equilibrium平衡,均势; diffident缺乏自信的;domain领地; infinity无限性;afflict使苦恼,折磨;formulate构思,规划;fortify, reinforce加强; frigid寒冷的;fuse熔化,融合;geometry几何;congest拥塞,充满;degrade降级,堕落;heredity遗传;hinder阻碍;hydraulics水利学;transit转移;junction连接点;collaborate合作;elapse流逝; latitude纬度;alleviate减轻; magnify放大;manipulate操纵;submerge/immerse沉没;symmetry对称; eminent杰出的;negligible可以忽略的;notorious臭名昭著的;optimum最佳条件, demography
作者: 幽幽草    时间: 2007-11-7 13:45     标题: 07考研英语全能突破(1)——词汇记忆4

四、有意义的字母组合:

  st---不动,立:stand, stop, stay, state, station, stable, steady, establish, instance, standard, statistics,

  statue, stereo, stare, static, stationary, stereotype, still, destination, destine, destiny, stone, stubborn, rest, install, staunch, constant, steel, stiff, obstacle, stale, stall, stain, stick, start, stun, startle, astonish, stupid, stuffy (40)

  sti----刺,尖:stick, sticky, stimulate, stitch, instinct, sting, stir, (大纲全部)

  fl----流动:flow, float, flu, flood, influence, fluctuate, fluid, flush, fluent, fleet, flute, flux, flag,

  fl----闪动的光,植物:flash, flame, flare, flower, flourish

  fl----空中的动作:fly, flee, flight, flap, flutter, fling

  flat, flatter, flesh, flavor, flexible,(大纲全部)

  gl---不动的光/亮:glance, glimpse, glare, glamour, glass, glorious, glory, glow, gloomy, gloss, glitter

  gl, sl----滑动:glide, glove, globe, global, glue (大纲全部)

  slip, slipper, slippery, slide, slit, slope, sledge, sly

  cr---碎,裂:crack, crash, crisp, crush, crisis, critical, crazy, cracker, crumb

  -ap----拟声:flap, clap, tap, slap, rap break----crash, clash, smash, splash,

  -ump—笨重的动作:bump, thump, thumb, stumble, plump, hump, clumsy, dump, lump, slump, plumb,

  -atter----细碎的动作:batter, chatter, clatter, shatter, scatter,

  -ash-----猛烈的动作:flash, splash, clash, dash, slash, crash, smash,

  -are----强烈的光:flare, glare, stare

  sn----鼻子的出气声:sniff, sneeze, snore, snuff, snot

  spr----传播,洒,喷:spread, sprinkle, spray

  tw----二:two, between, twilight, twelve, twin, twice, twenty, twinkle

  wr, tw----扭曲,卷绕:wrap, wreck, wreath, wrestle, wrench, wrinkle, wrist, wrong, wretched

  sw-----水,洗:swim, sweat, sweater, swan, sweep, swing swift, sway, switch, sword, swarm

  h---象征沉重:heavy, haste, hurry, heave, hop, hunt, hurl

  i----表示小:mini-, sip, chick, chip, nibble, tiny, slip, slit, drip

  m----象征低沉声:hum, moan, mumble, murmur, mutter

  r----:表示粗糙、削利、重浊的声音:grunt, rattle, roar, cry, croak, creak, rumble, crunch, crack, scrape, rip, scream, scratch

  s, z, sh----象征寂静和蛇等动物嗖艘爬的声音:hiss, brush, silence, rustle, snake, zip, buzz, hush, whisper
作者: 幽幽草    时间: 2007-11-7 13:47     标题: 07考研英语全能突破(1)——词汇记忆5

五、同源词记忆

allow---allocate

anguish---anger

bear---birth

bend---bow

bind---bound---bond--- bundle---band

bite-----bitter

bloom---blossom

boom---bomb

break---brake

breed----brood

brim---brink

broad---breadth

burn----brand

catch----capture

curve---circle

dear---darling

deem---doom

deep----dip

dig----ditch

dive---duck—dip

doze---daze

drive---drift

drip---drop

drink---drown

dry----drain

dry----drought

elder---adult

example---sample

fail---fault

false---fake

fall---fell

fly----flee

float---flow---fleet

flow--flood

flower---flourish

fond---fun

freeze----frost---crust

fright---afraid

front---frontier

garden----yard

gild---gold

grass---graze

grief----grieve

heal---health

high---height--hill

hold----hand

hollow---hole---hell

honest---honor

hot---heat

hurry---hurricane

join---joint

knee---kneel

limb---limp, lame

lead---load

lean---loan

lie----low

liquor----liquid

lose----loss

stretch---straight

strike---stroke

study----student---studio

sweep---swift

swim---swan

talk---tale--tell

tie---tight

tip---top

trace---track  choose---choice

city---civil

clew---clue

cloth---clothes

bath---bathe

breath---breathe

canal---channel

carbon---coal

cloth---cloak

condemn---damn

cry--crow

cook---cake

couple---double

cue---clue

match---mate

matter---mass

meet---mate

maid----madame

major---mayor

master---majesty

mix----mingle

modern---model

mow---meadow

moon---month

nation----nation

near---neighbor

nourish---nurse

owe---own

pacify---peace----pacific

patch---piece

people---popular---public

poor---poverty

portray----portrait

praise---prize

rate---ratio

red---rust

ride---road

rise---raise

run---race

salt----sauce

see---sight

salt---sauce

saw---section

sea---salt

seek---sake

sew---seam

shade---shelter---shadow

short---shirt

sip---soup

sir---senior

sit----seat---site

shirt---skirt

sleep---slack

slow---sloth

smother---smoke

soak---suck

sorry---sorrow

speak----speech

trouble---turbulent

try---trial

vent---wind

wet---water

wear----vest

wheel---whirl

wrest---wrist

yellow---yolk

(270)
作者: 幽幽草    时间: 2007-11-7 13:48     标题: 07考研英语全能突破(1)——词汇记忆 6

六、字母转换联想记忆

  c(k)---g : elect select elect section contact

   delegate elegant eligible segment contagion

   distinguish intellect neglect fraction act

   distinction intelligent negligence fragment agent

  v----f : believe give grieve relieve five thieve halve

   belief gift grief relief fifth thief half

  w---v : new ---novel, innovate, renovate, novelty,

  verb-word: win, victory, victorious, victim, convict, conviction, convince,

   wine wear wind worth way willing wash ware

   vine vest vent value voyage voluntary lavatory vessel

  know-gno: knowledge, acknowledge, note, notice, noticeable, notify, notion, notorious, ignore,

  ignorance, diagnosis, diagnose, recognize, cognition, science, scientific, science, conscious, conscience, acquaint, acquaintance,

  log, loq(ue)-speak: logic, dialogue, catalogue, apology, analogy,

  i----o : knit slit drip chip

   knot slot drop chop (100)
作者: 幽幽草    时间: 2007-11-7 13:49     标题: 07考研英语全能突破(1)——词汇记忆7

七、音译词记忆

  aspirin, bake, ballet, bandage, bar, beer, brandy, café, card, chocolate, coffee, calcium, cannon, cartoon, cigar, cocaine, copy, disco, dozen, engine, franc, gallon, gene, golf, guitar, hamburger, hormone, humor, inch, jacket, jazz, jeep, lemon, logic, magic, microphone, miniskirt, modern, motor, mummy, nicotine, nylon, ounce, opium, pass, pence, pudding, radar, rifle, romance, romantic, sandwich, sardine, soda, sofa, shark, tango, tank, tire/tyre, vitamin, whisky (62)

  八、拟声词记忆

  bang, bark, boom, bubble, clap, clash, click, cough, crack, giggle, horn, hum, mutter, pat, roar, tick, whisper, whistle, yawn

  九、顺序颠倒词记忆

  are---era

  deer---reed

  doom----mood

  evil----live

  god---dog

  meet---teem

  not---ton

  on---no

  pan---nap

  war--- raw

  saw---was

  ten---net

  十、包孕词记忆

  appropriate-----proper

  deceased----dead

  exist---is

  façade----face

  illuminated---lit

  observe---see

  pantaloon---pants

  recline---lie

  salvage---save

  separate---part

  supervisor---superior

  fabrication---fiction
作者: 幽幽草    时间: 2007-11-7 13:50     标题: 07考研英语全能突破(1)——词汇记忆 8

十一、谐音趣味记忆

  bake bandage bulletin

  cruel curse dawn

  fashion fee govern

  jam mist murder

  noise pan paw

  phone pity rely

  rigorous route show

  sigh tower trader

  truth urgent

  十二、同义记忆

  大:large, big, great, enormous, huge, tremendous, gigantic, massive, immense, grand, titanic,gross

  小:small, little, tiny, minute, petite, microscopic, subtle

  减(数量、程度):decrease, diminish, decline, lessen, reduce, cut down on

  客观的:objective, impartial, impersonal, unbiased, disinterested

  错误:disadvantage, defect, short-coming, drawback, fault, mistake, deficiency, weakness, slip,blunder

  立刻、马上:directly, immediately, presently, promptly, instantly, quickly, abruptly, suddenly, swiftly

  明显的:obvious, evident, apparent, plain, clear

  主要的:principal, chief, main, leading, dominant, foremost, prominent, essential

  热情的:enthusiastic, zealous, earnest, eager, passionate, warm

  暂时的:transient, temporary, momentary, passing

  粗鲁的:rude,crude,gross,coarse,rough,wild,reckless

  不正常的,反常的:deviant,irregular ,unnatural,odd,queer,weird, abnormal

  使用:use,apply,utilize,employ,avail,exploit, take advantage of, make use of,resort to, adopt

  积累,堆积:amass,collect,gather,heap,hoard, pile up, build up

  恶化,加重,加剧: aggravate, worsen, intensify, deteriorate, weaken

  苦恼,痛苦:agony, torture,torment,anguish,suffering,misery,pain,wrench,distress, adversity,hardship

  获得,得到:attain,obtain,achieve,acquire,gain,secure

  摇晃:shake, quiver, tremble, vibrate, rock, roll, quake
作者: 幽幽草    时间: 2007-11-7 13:52     标题: 07考研英语全能突破(1)——词汇记忆9

十三、反义记忆

  establish----abolish, destroy absurd---sensible advance----retreat

  attach----detach increase----decrease clarify----confuse

  contract----expand crazy----rational attack---defend

  gloomy----delightful include---exclude propose---oppose

  lasting---temporary guilty---innocent previous---subsequent

  natural----artificial ancient----modern tragedy----comedy

  complicate---simplify concentrate---distract dynamic---static

  十四、归类记忆

  天文、宇宙:equator, fossil, galaxy, gravity, horizon, meteor, ozone, parallel, planet, satellite, space, star, moon, lunar, comet, sun, solar, Neptune

  地区、地域、地貌: continent, province, capital, county, basin, valley, desert, plain, plateau, elevation, highland, lowland, latitude, bay, gulf, cape, beach, port, harbor, strait, channel, canal, river, stream, brook, pond, pool, cave, cliff, slope, mountain, hill, forest, woods, jungle, delta, field, lawn, marsh, peninsula, pit,

  数学:arithmetic, fraction,decimal,function,power,remainder,complement,sequence,tolerance,probability,square root,geometry,plane geometry,parallel,addition,subtraction,multiplication, division, mean,average, axis, center, core, coordinate, curve, vertical, square, triangle, sphere, diameter, radius, dimension, area, cubic, angle, equation, ratio, proportion, cone, pyramid, volume, diamond

  道路:bypass,sidewalk,pavement,path,trail,lane,passage,route,aisle,overpass, free way,flyover,underpass,zebra crossing

  箱柜:cabinet,locker,closet,chest,drawer,wardrobe,dresser,cupboard,trunk,safe

  蔬菜:turnip,carrot,cabbage,onion,cucumber,pepper,garlic,tomato,potato,melon, pumpkin, mushroom, garlic, carrot, bean, pepper, pea, ginger

  交通工具:ambulance, lorry, automobile, van, truck, fire engine, cable car, sports car, cart, tram, trolley, bus, minibus, coach, shuttle bus, double decker, car, limousine, sedan, cab, taxi, jeep , locomotive, motorcycle, vehicle, steamer, liner

  机械:turbine,engine,elevator,punch,refrigerator,generator,press,motor,projector,crane,clutch,pulse,pump,tackle

  气候:hail,mist,haze,smog,fog,frost,dew,typhoon, hurricane, breeze, cyclone, tornado windstorm, sandstorm, freeze, centigrade, temperature, thermometer, rain, snow, shower, drizzle, wind, cloudy, overcast, frigid, temperate, mild, (sub)tropical

  文艺:rhythm, melody, note, lyric, beat, tempo, rhyme, tune, scale, tone, volume, harmony, chorus, solo, composition, jazz, ballet, dance, sing, opera, instrument, march, music, song, symphony, verse, waltz, playwright, perform, stage, scene, clown, actor, director, line, novel, poem, poetry, prose, essay, literature, episode, story, drama, character, plot, fiction, detective, disc, fable, biography, curtain, drum, organ, horn, violin, pipe, piano, guitar, wind, string, flute, reed, cast, rehearsal

  学科:natural science/engineering/medicine/humanities/social science/liberal arts: sociology, agriculture, arithmetic, anthropology, aesthetics, accounting, architecture, astronomy, automation, biology, business, commerce, geology, geography, psychology, physiology, genetics, ecology, electronics, engineering, ethics, economy, forestry, geometry, history, mathematics, chemistry, physics, medicine, pharmacy, dentistry, surgery, mechanics, optics, photography, logic, diplomacy, administration, management, literature, linguistics, philosophy, poetry, Portuguese, Spanish, finance, religion, politics, zoology, journalism, statistics, gymnastics, public relations, human resources, nutritional science, marketing, biochemistry, telecommunication等

  职业/身份:accountant, attorney, amateur, ambassador, announcer, associate, astronaut, astronomer, athlete, attendant, (auto)biographer, consultant, coach, cameraman, candidate, journalist, librarian, colleague/associate, cashier, conductor, dealer, agent, diplomat, executive, fireman, mechanic, merchant, spectator, physician, surgeon, dentist, spokesman, sponsor, principal, retailer, stewardess, technician, receptionist, volunteer, undergraduate, freshman, sophomore, junior, senior, undergraduate, bachelor, master, postgraduate

  学校生活:freshmen, sophomore, junior, senior, undergraduate, postgraduate, semester, academic year, credit, tuition, specialty/discipline, major, minor, seminar, lecture, tutorial, enroll in/register/take a course, essay, assignment, term paper, research/course paper, thesis, defend one’s thesis, graduation field work毕业实习, graduation project毕业设计,commencement/graduation ceremony毕业典礼,certificate, diploma, degree, grant, scholarship, fellowship, assistantship, degree requirement, Bachelor’s/Master’s/Doctor’s degree, course load, department, faculty members, professor, assistant/associate professor, instructor/lecturer, dean, president, dormitory, librarian, disciplines, pre-sessional, prerequisite, selective/elective/optional/required/compulsory, make-up exam, curriculum, School of Economics, graduate school, advisor, supervisor, tutor, part-time job, lecture hall, auditorium, gymnasium/gym, office hours办公时间, orientation program熟悉/认识环境

  爱好、体育运动:track: jogging, dash, race, relay, marathon, power-walking, hurdles

  field: discus, javelin, shot put, high/long jump, pole vaulting

  individual/team sports: gymnastics, shooting, weightlifting, bowling, golf, diving, skiing, skating, figure/speed/roller skating, hiking, surfing, wrestling, rock-climbing, sailing, fishing

  ballgames: basketball, football, soccer, volleyball, handball, baseball, cricket, tennis, badminton, ice hockey, water polo

  计量单位;时间;颜色;人体部位;动物;植物;花、鸟、鱼、虫;衣物、鞋帽;职业、职务;烟、酒、食品、饮料;瓜果;调味品;食物;家居用品;场所、建筑;材料;文具;学科;学校、师生;计算机、网络;物理、化学、生物、影视、广播;戏剧、;写作、绘画;报刊;邮电、通讯;;体育、竞赛;宗教;经济;法律;政治、战争等等。




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