1998年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案(1) 英语, 硕士研究生, 试题, 入学考试

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　Part I Structure and Vocabulary Sections A Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A）,B）,C）andD）.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. （5 points）　　Example: have been to the Great Wall three times _____ 1979.
　　A）from　B）after　C）for　D）since
　　The sentence should read,"I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979."Therefore, you should choose D）.
　　1.I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time _____ the last bus .
　　A）to have caught　　B）to catch
　　C）catching　　　　D）having caught
　　2.As it turned out to be a small house party, we _____ so formally.
　　A）needn't dress up　　　　B）did not need have dressed up
　　C）did not need dress up　　D）needn't have dressed up
　　3.I apologize if I _____ you, but I assure you it was unintentional .
　　A）offend　　　　　　　　B）had offended
　　C）should have offended　　D）might have offended
　　4.Although a teenager, Fred could resist _____ what to do and what not to do .
　　A）to be told　　B）having been told
　　C）being told　　D）to have been told
　　5.Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage _____ avoided .
　　A）is to be　　B）can be
　　C）will be　　D）has been
　　6.Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _____ it comes to classroom tests .
　　A）before　　B）as
　　C）since　　D）when
　　7.There are over 100 night schools in the city, making it possible for a professional to be re-educated no matter _____ he does .
　　A）how　　B）where
　　C）what　　D）when
　　8.I've kept up a friendship with a girl whom I was at school _____ twenty years ago .
　　A）about　　B）since
　　C）till　　　D）with
　　9.He wasn't asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, _____ insufficiently popular with all members .
　　A）being considerd　　　B）considering
　　C）to be considered　　　D）having considered
　　10._____ for the timely investment from the general public,our company would not be so thriving as it is .
　　A）Had it not been　　B）Were it not
　　C）Be it not　　　　　D）Should it not be
　　Section B
　　Directions:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A）,B）,C）and D）. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. （5 points）
　　Example:
　　A number of A） foreign visitors were taken B） to the industrial exhibition which C） they saw D） many new products.
　　Part C） is wrong. The sentence should read,"A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition where they saw many new products."So you should choose C）.
　　11.According to Darwin,randon changes that enhance a species' A） ability for surviving B） are C） naturally selected and passed on to succeeding D） generations.
　　12.Neither rain nor snow keeps A） the postman from delivering our letters which B）we so much C） look forward to receive D） .
　　13.If they will not accept A） a check, we shall have B）to pay the cash C） , though it would be D） much trouble for both sides .
　　14.Having been A） robbed off B）economic importance,those states are not C） likely to count for very much D） in international political terms.
　　15.The message will be A） that B）neither the market nor the government is capable of dealing with all of their C） uncontrollable practices D） .
　　16.The logic of scientific development is such A） that separates B）groups of men working on C） the same problem in far-scattered D） laboratories are likely to arrive at the same answer at the same time.
　　17.Yet not all of these races are intellectual inferior to A） the European races, and B）some may even have a C） freshness and vitality that can renew the energies D） of more advanced races.
　　18.The A） more than 50,000 nuclear weapons in the hands of various nations today are more than B）ample destroying C） every city in the world several times over D） .
　　19.The universe works in a way so far remove A） from what common sense would B）allow that C） words of any kind must necessarily be inadequate to explain it D） .
　　20.The integration of independent states could best be A） brought about by first B）creaing a central organization with authorities C） over technical D） economic tasks.
　　Sections C
　　Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A）,B）,C）and D）. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. （10 points）
　　Example:
　　The lost car of the Lees was found _____ in the woods off the highway.
　　A）vanishedB）scattered C）abandonedD）rejected
　　The sentence should read,"The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway."Therefore, you should choose C）.
　　21.The machine needs a complete _____ since it has been in use for over ten years .
　　A）amending　　B）fitting
　　C）mending　　D）renovating
　　22.There were many people present and he appeared only for a few seconds, so I only caught a _____ of him .
　　A）glance　　B）glimpse
　　C）look　　　D）sight
　　23.I don't think it's wise of you to _____ your greater knowledge in front of the director, for it may offend him .
　　A）show up　　B）show out
　　C）show in　　D）show off
　　24.The returns in the short _____ may be small,but over a number of years the investment will be well repaid .
　　A）interval　　B）range
　　C）span　　　D）term
　　25.A thorough study of biology requires _____ with the properties of trees and plants,and the habit of birds and beasts .
　　A）acquisition　　B）discrimination
　　C）curiosity　　　D）familiarity
　　26.She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would _____ her long effort .
　　A）justify　　B）testify
　　C）rectify　　D）verify
　　27.I'm very glad to know that my boss has generously agreed to _____ my debt in return for certain services .
　　A）take away　　B）cut out
　　C）write off　　D）clear up
　　28.Some journalists often overstate the situation so that their news may create a great _____ .
　　A）explosion　　　B）sensation
　　C）exaggeration　　D）stimulation
　　29.According to what you have just said,am I to understand that his new post _____ no responsibility with it at all? .
　　A）shoulders　　B）possesses
　　C）carries　　　D）shares
　　30.Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his _____ to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied .
　　A）comment　　　B）reaction
　　C）impression　　D）comprehension
　　31.Please _____ yourself from smoking and spitting in public places,since the law fotbids them .
　　A）restrain　　B）hinder
　　C）restrict　　D）prohibit
　　32.Without telephone it would be impossible to carry on the functions of _____ every business operation in the whole country .
　　A）practically　　B）preferably
　　C）precisely　　D）presumably
　　33.Preliminary estimation puts the figure at aroun$110 billion, _____ the $160 billion the President is struggling to get through the Congress .
　　A）in proportion to　　B）in reply to
　　C）in relation to　　　D）in contrast to
　　34.He is planning another tour abroad,yet his passport will _____ at the end of this month .
　　A）expire　　　B）exceed
　　C）terminate　　D）cease
　　35.All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read _____ letters from their families .
　　A）sentimental　　B）affectionate
　　C）intimate　　　D）sensitive
　　36.Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to _____ ,or at least weaken,the trends that emerged in the 1980s .
　　A）revolt　　　B）revolve
　　C）reverse　　D）revive
　　37.I was unaware of the critical points involved,so my choice was quite _____ .
　　A）arbitrary　　　B）rational
　　C）mechanical　　D）unpredictable
　　38.The local people were joyfully surprised to find the price of vegetables no longer _____ according to the weather .
　　A）altered　　　　B）converted
　　C）fluctuated　　D）modified
　　39.The pursuit of leisure on the part of the employees will certainly not _____ their prospect of promotion .
　　A）spur　　　B）further
　　C）induce　　D）reinforce
　　40.In what _____ to a last minute stay of execution,a council announced that emergency funding would keep alive two aging satellites .
　　A）applies　　　B）accounts
　　C）attaches　　D）amounts
　　Part II Cloze Test
　　Directions:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A）,B）,C）,D）. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. （10 points）
　　Until recently most histroians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They 41 that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the 42 man. But they insisted that its 43 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 44 of the English population. 45 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 46 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.
　　This view, 47 ,is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists 48 history and economics, have 49 two things:that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 50 by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.
　　41.A）admitted 　B）believed　 C）claimed 　D）predicted
　　42.A）plain 　B）average 　C）mean 　D）normal
　　43.A）momentary 　B）prompt 　C）instant 　D）immediate
　　44.A）bulk 　B）host 　C）gross 　D）magnitude
　　45.A）On 　B）With 　C）For　 D）By
　　46.A）broadly 　B）thoroughly 　C）generally　 D）completely
　　47.A）however　 B）meanwhile 　C）therefore 　D）moreover
　　48.A）at 　B）in 　C）about 　D）for
　　49.A）manifested 　B）approved　 C）shown 　D）speculated
　　50.A）noted 　B）impressed 　C）labeled 　D）marked
　　Part III Reading Comprehension
　　Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A）,B）,C） and D）. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. （40 points）
　　Passage 1
　　Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascination. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.
　　The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn't help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. Egypt's leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey's bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.
　　But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left - all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
　　And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself.
　　Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go ahead to the even more wrong headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed.
　　Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan. You don't need a dam to be saved.
　　51.The third sentence of paragraph 1 implies that _____ .
　　A）people would be happy if they shut their eyes to reality
　　B）the blind could be happier than the sighted
　　C） overexcited people tend to neglect vital things.
　　D）fascination makes people lose their eyesight
　　52.In paragraph 5,"the powerless"probably refers to _____ .
　　A）areas short of electricity
　　B）dams without power stations
　　C）poor counrtries around India
　　D）common people in the Narmada Dam area
　　53.What is the myth concerning giant dams?
　　A）They bring in more fertile soil.
　　B）They help defend the country.
　　C）They strengthen international ties.
　　D）They have univeral control of the waters.
　　54.What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as _____ .
　　A）"It's no use crying over spilt milk"
　　B）"More haste, less speed"
　　C）"Look before you leap"
　　D）"He who laughs last laughs best"
　　Passage 2
　　Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.
　　The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978 87 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a"disjunction"between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.
　　Some of this can be easily explanied. New ways of organizing the workplace all that re engineering and downsizing - are only one contribution to the overalll productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity:switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.
　　Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.
　　Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much"re engineering"has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficent thought to long term profitability. BBDO's Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of re engineering consultants as mere rubbish -"the worst sort of ambulance cashing."
　　55.According to the author, the American economic situation is _____ .
　　A）not as good as it seems
　　B）at its turning point
　　C）much better than it seems
　　D）near to complete recovery
　　56.The official statistics on productivity growth _____ .
　　A）exclude the usual rebound in a business cycle
　　B）fall short of businessmen's anticipation
　　C）meet the expectation of business people
　　D）fail to reflect the true state of economy
　　57.The author raises the question"what about pain without gain?"because _____ .
　　A）he questions the truth of"no gain without pain"
　　B）he does not think the productivity revolution works
　　C）he wonders if the official statistics are misleading
　　D）he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses
　　58.Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?
　　A）Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity.
　　B）New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity.
　　C）The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain long term profitability.
　　D）The consultants are a bunch of good for nothigns.
　　Passage 3
　　Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gallileo's 17th century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake's harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between sceience and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.
　　Until recently, the seientific community was so powerful that it could affort to ignore its critics - but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked"antiscience"in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R.Gross, a biologist at the University of Verginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The DemonHaunted World, by Car Sagan of Cornell University.
　　Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as"The Flight from Science and Reason,"held in New York City in 1995, and"Science in the Age of （Mis）information,"which assembled last June near Buffalo.
　　Antiscience clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned science's objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.
　　A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.
　　Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, those manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience, as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.
　　The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.
　　Indeed, some observers fear that the antiscience epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless."The term 'antiscience' can lump together too many, quite different things,"notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti Science."They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened."
　　59.The word"schism"（Line 4, Paragraph 1） in the context probably means _____ .
　　A）confrontation　　B）dissatisfaction
　　C）separation　　　D）contempt
　　60.Paragraphs 2 and 3 are written to _____ .
　　A）discuss the cause of the decline of science's power
　　B）show the author's symphathy with scientists
　　C）explain the way in which science develops
　　D）exemplify the division of science and the humanities
　　61.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
　　A）Environmentalists were blamed for antiscience in an essay.
　　B）Politicans are not subject to the labeling of antiscience.
　　C）The"more enlightened"tend to tag others as antiscience
　　D）Tagging environmentalists as"antiscience"is justifiable
　　62.The author's attitude toward the issue of"science vs. antiscience"is _____ .
　　A）impartial　　B）subjective
　　C）biased　　　D）puzzling