张锦芯考研英语疑难长句100句（1） 英语, 张锦, 考研, 疑难, 长句

幽幽草

　1. Looking beyond the 10-year period， the botanists estimate that some 3，000 native plant species may become extinct in the foreseeable future—more than 10 percent of the approximately 25，000 species of plants in the United States.

　　「译文」在展望10年后的情况时植物学家们估计，在未来可预见到的时间内，3 000种本地植物——占美国近25 000种植物的10%——将可能灭绝。

　　张锦芯考研英语疑难长句100句

　　2. The annual migrations of wildfowl and many other animals certainly cannot be regarded as a form of exploration， because such movements are actually only shifts from one habitat to another for the purpose of avoiding seasonal climatic variations.

　　「译文」野生禽类和许多其他动物每年的迁徙，当然不能被看做是一种探险行为，因为，这些迁徙活动实际上只是从一个栖息地转移到另一个栖息地，以躲避气候的季节性变化。

　　3. Proponents of G-M foods argue using biotechnology in the production of food products has many benefits： it speeds up the process of breeding plants and animals with desired characteristics； can be used to introduce traits that a product wouldn‘t traditionally have； can improve the nutritional value of products； and can produce cheaper and more environmentallyfriendly fertilizers.

　　「译文」转基因食物的倡导者指出，用生物技术生产食物有很多益处：它能加速作物和牲畜的生长速度，并使它们具有所要求的特点；它可以给食物增添以往不具备的特征；可以改进食物的营养价值；可以生产出廉价、环保效果更好的肥料。

　　4. What makes this debate unique is that every meal we eat is at its very core. And that fact means one thing： it‘s an issue to be discussed not only around policy tables， but dinner tables.

　　「译文」使这场辩论不同一般的是：我们吃的每顿饭都成为争论的中心。而且，这个事实意味着一件事：这不仅是政策制定会上应该讨论的问题，而且是饭桌上要讨论的问题。

　　5.“Contact us before writing your application”or“Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history” is how it is usually expressed.

　　「译文」“写申请前同我们联系”，“利用我们多年的经验来准备你的学历或工作经历”，这种广告经常这样宣传。

　　6. There is no doubt， however， that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.

　　「译文」但是，毫无疑问，正是由于在申请工作的过程中具有大学学历的人数增加，使得简历更加重要。

　　7. Other goals of the interview are： to answer questions successfully， obtain any additional information needed to make a decision， accent your special strengths， establish a positive relationship， show confidence， and to sell yourself.

　　「译文」参加面试其他的目标包括：成功地回答问题，为做决定获得更多信息，强调自己的特殊优势，建立良好的关系，表达自己的信心，推销自己。

　　8. Based on these goals， place yourself in the role of the interviewer and develop anticipated questions and answers to three categories： company data， personal data， and specific job data.

　　「译文」在明确这些目标的基础上，将自己设想为面试你的人，在以下三个方面为自己设想出一些问题以及这些问题的答案：公司数据信息，个人信息，有关某份工作的特定信息。

　　9. Since the interview will center on you， proper self-management process is divided into four stages： the before stage， the greeting stage， the consultation stage， and the departure stage.

　　「译文」既然面试的焦点是你，应该在以下四个阶段做出合理的准备：面试前阶段，问候阶段，商洽阶段，告别阶段。

　　10. The before stage includes writing a confirmation letter， concentrating on appearance and nonverbal communication， developing your portfolio， anticipating questions with positive responses， and arriving early.

　　「译文」面试前阶段包括写一封确认函、集中注意自己的仪表和非语言行为、准备好自己的资料、设想一些问题以及对这些问题的正面回答、早到面试地点。

　　11. The greeting stage includes greeting everyone courteously， using waiting-room smarts， using your time wisely， and applying proper protocol when meeting the interviewer.

　　「译文」问候阶段包括礼貌地向每个人问候，在等候室灵活使用一些交往技能，合理地使用自己的时间，同面试你的人会面时恰如其分地使用一些礼节。

　　12. The consultation stage includes responsiveness and enthusiasm， knowing when to interject key points， showing sincerity， highlighting your strengths， and listening intently.

　　「译文」商洽阶段包括反应机敏、热情，知道何时应该（在交谈中）插入一些关键信息，要表现得诚恳，突出自己的优点，注意倾听。

　　13. If the company doesn‘t respond in two weeks， call back or write a follow-up letter. You may get turned down. If so， try to find out why as a means of self-improvement.

　　「译文」如果公司两周内没有反应，打个电话或再写封信过去。你可能没有被雇用，如果是这样的话，找出原因，以便进行自我改进。

　　14. I have sought it， next， because it relieves loneliness—that terrible loneliness in which one‘s shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss.

　　「译文」我追求爱，其次是因为爱使我摆脱孤独。在这种可怕的孤独时刻，人们似乎处于世界的边缘，颤抖的意识面对着冷酷而死寂的无底深渊。

　　15. Non-traditional students， overwhelmingly female， began to study on a part-time basis， the numbers of women going to graduate school increased， and women sought entry to the non-traditional position of university faculty member.

　　「译文」新类型的学生——绝大多数是女生——开始半工半读式的学习，攻读研究生的女生数量增加了，妇女开始从事大学教师这样的非传统职业。

　　16. This decline occurred in both coeducational and women‘s colleges where women faculty declined from 72% in 1940 to 50% in 1955 and dropped to a low of 45% in 1978.

　　「译文」人数的减少普遍存在于男女同校的大学，也存在于女子学校。在女子学校，女教师的比例从1940年的72%减少到1955年的50%，到1978年降低到45%的低点。

　　17. More than one-third of employers in a new survey say they would probably cut off health benefits to their workers if Congress passes a law allowing patients to sue managed care plans for malpractice.

　　「译文」在一项新的调查中，有超过三分之一的雇主表示：如果国会通过一项使病人可以因管理不善起诉管理医疗保健计划的法律，雇主可能会削减工人的医疗补贴。

　　18. The employers apparently fear the legislation could open the door to the same kinds of suits against them. Companies are already struggling to contain rising health costs and deal with workers who complain that managed care blocks their access to care.

　　「译文」雇主显然担心这样的立法会为对他们类似的起诉打开大门。公司已经在竭力支付日益增长的医疗费用，处理工人们的投诉，这些工人认为管理医疗计划阻碍了他们享受医疗服务。

　　19. Although companies have relied on health maintenance organizations and other types of managed care firms to control costs through most of the 1990s， the Hewitt survey showed employers have serious concerns about the health plans.

　　「译文」在九十年代的大部分时间里，虽然公司依靠保健机构和其他类型的管理医疗公司来控制花费，Hewitt调查显示，雇主们很关心保健计划。

　　20. Whatever you decide to do in the way of part-time and vacation work while you‘re at university，make sure that you take the following issues into consideration before committing yourself：

　　「译文」在上学期间无论你决定做什么临时工作或假期内打工，在做出决定之前，你都应该考虑到下列问题：

　　21. Interface with the Business Development Support Group to assist in developing strategic communication plans for new business development， working with government relations and protocol specialist in supporting visits from various external stakeholders.张锦芯考研英语疑难长句100句（2）

　　「译文」与业务开发支持部门协调，协助制定交际策略方案，开发新业务；帮助协调与政府的关系，同礼仪专家一道负责接待与公司有密切关系的外来造访者。

　　22. External communications experience in a media， corporate or agency setting， knowledge of media and communications vehicles and the fundamental principles of journalism and public relations， successful project management experience， with excellent communication and interpersonal skills.

　　「译文」有在媒体机构、公司或代理机构负责对外交际工作的经验，熟悉各种媒体和交际手段，熟知新闻和公共关系方面的基本原理，具有项目管理的成功经验，具有优良的交际和人际关系处理技能。

　　23. In many states this year， budget requests by state universities have had to be scaled back or frozen， while tuition， the share of the cost borne by the students themselves， has gone up—in some cases faster than the rate of inflation.

　　「译文」今年，在许多州，州立大学的预算不得不减少或冻结，而学费——学生所承担的费用——却上升了，在某些情况下上升得比通货膨胀率还要快。

　　24. So it was against this backdrop that members of the National Governors Association came together in this New England city this past week to discuss issues of common concern， one being higher education.

　　「译文」所以，正是在这种背景下，全国州长协会在过去的一周里聚集在这座新英格兰地区的城市，讨论他们共同关心的问题，其中之一是高等教育问题。

　　25. And the focus of their talks about colleges centered not on how money could be more effectively directed， but how to get greater productivity out of a system that many feel has become highly inefficient and resistive to change.

　　「译文」在大学问题上，他们谈话的焦点不是如何更有效地花钱，而是提高大学体制的效率，许多人感到这个体制效率非常低下，而且变得僵化。

　　26. As a result， the governors will embark on a three-year study of higher education systems and how to make state colleges and universities better able to meet the challenges o a global economy in the 21st century.

　　「译文」结果，州长们将对教育体制进行历时三年的研究，研究的目标是如何使州立大学更好地迎接21世纪全球经济领域里的挑战。

　　27.“With tuition rising faster than the rate of inflation and students taking longer and longer to finish college， one of these days the public is going to say，”‘Enough！’“Pennsylvania Republican Gov. Tom Ridge said.

　　「译文」共和党人宾州州长汤姆·里奇说：随着学费比通货膨胀率上涨得快，学生完成大学学业需要的时间越来越长，有一天公众会说：够了！

　　28. Ridge and his fellow governors came away from the meetings resolute in the belief that higher education needs a fresh look and possibly a major boost in productivity to meet demands of new technologies and a changing work force.

　　「译文」会议结束后，里奇和其他州长们更坚信：高等教育需要革新换面，也许应该重点提高效率，满足新技术和变化的劳动力市场的要求。

　　29. Several governors noted that establishment of clearer standards， greater efficiencies in providing services， and more student competency testing might be needed， in addition to curriculum inspection.

　　「译文」几位州长提到，除了审查教学大纲外，也许还应该确立更清楚的标准，提高服务的效率，对学生进行更多的能力测试。

　　30. Like our political society， the university is under severe attack today and perhaps for the same reason； namely， that we have accomplished much of what we have set out to do in this generation， that we have done so imperfectly， and while we have been doing so， we have said a lot of things that simply are not true.

　　「译文」像我们的政治社会一样，今天的大学正在受到严厉抨击，而且理由也许相同，即：我们这个时代要做的事情已经大都完成，但是我们做得还不尽善尽美，而且，虽然我们做出了一些论断，但我们也说了许多不正确的话。

　　31. The university should use one-fourth of a student‘s time in his undergraduate years and organize it into courses which might be called history， and literature and philosophy， and anything else appropriate and organize these around primary problems.

　　「译文」大学应该使本科生花四分之一的时间，学习被称做历史、文学、哲学或其他合适的课程，通过这些课程来探讨重大问题。

　　32. On the other hand， there could be very serious consequences if this knowledge were used intentionally to produce superior and subordinate classes， each genetically prepared to carry out a predetermined mission.

　　「译文」从另一方面讲，如果这种知识被有意识地用来复制优等或劣等群体，天生让这些人来完成某一预定的使命，那就会产生非常严重的后果。

　　33. After all， the purpose of education is not only to impart knowledge but to teach students to use the knowledge that they either have or will find， to teach them to ask and seek answers for important questions.

　　「译文」毕竟，教育的目的不仅是传授知识，而且还要教会学生使用已经或将要掌握的知识，教育他们学会提问并回答重大问题。

　　34. Many people expect this to change fundamentally the nature of television programming and viewing， from a broadcast medium （dominated by big networks like Britain‘s BBC and ITV and the big US networks， showing a mixture of programme types with something for everyone） to a“narrowcast” medium more like today’s magazines and radio.

　　「译文」许多人预期这将根本改变电视节目安排和收视的本质特征，从一种广播媒体（主宰者是像BBC、ITV和美国的各大电视网络，涵盖每个人所需要的节目类型）变成小范围播送的媒体，更像今天的杂志和收音机一样。

　　35. The argument is that， as with gardening magazines today， such a channel could generate revenue both from subscriptions （since it would be tailored to that target audience） and from advertising （not just for gardening products， but also for other products and services such as cruise holidays and financial services aimed at the same target market）。

　　「译文」其中的论点是，像今天的园艺杂志一样，这种频道不仅从入网费上取得收入（既然它满足的是特定观众的需要），而且通过播出广告挣钱（不仅是园艺产品的广告，而且包括其他产品和服务项目，如长途旅游的假期，面向同样的特定市场的金融服务）。

　　36. In the five years I‘ve worked here， we’ve gone to off-campus parties to write about underage drinking at our local college， exposed corruption in a local economic development group， and traced an embezzlers criminal past all the way to Alaska. I‘ve never seen our paper back down from a story.

　　「译文」我在这里工作的五年期间，我们去参加过校园外的聚会，写过当地大学的青少年饮酒问题，揭发过当地某个经济开发集团的腐败问题，一直追踪到阿拉斯加揭露出一起侵吞公款的案件。我从未见过我们的报纸放弃过一次报道。

　　37. Recently， when a young boy was shot to death， I had to repeatedly leave the scene to update my editor from a pay phone， while the reporter from a competing paper used his cell phone to chat with his office from the doorstep of the victim‘s house.

　　「译文」最近，在报道一个小男孩被击毙的事件时，我不得不一次次离开现场，通过付费电话告知我的编辑更新消息，而作为竞争对手的那家报纸的记者，可以站在受害者家门口的台阶上用手机与办公室交谈。

　　38. They lose daily contact with Nature， their idea of Nature is rather vague and non-experiential， so they think that they are independent of and above Nature， or even can live without Nature.

　　「译文」他们与大自然失去了日常联系，对大自然的认识是相当模糊的、非经验式的，所以，他们认为自己独立于大自然或凌驾其上，甚至认为没有大自然照样可以生存。

　　39. Thinking in terms of public experiences， we find that joyous experiences are a means； when thinking subjectively， or in terms of ones own sense experiences， we find that joyous experiences are an end.

　　「译文」从集体经验的角度来看，我们发现欢乐的体验是一种手段；从主观上来说，或者从个人的感官体验来说，我们发现欢乐的体验是一种目的。

　　40. So we should view joyous experiences and life sustenance in this way： Lifeis a carrier of senses and values， but not all sorts of senses and values are permitted， pursuance of forbidden ones will lead to the threat or even discontinuance of life as an individual and as a whole.

　　「译文」因此，我们应该这样看待欢乐的体验和生命的维系：生命是感官和价值观的载体，但是，并非所有感官享受和价值观都是被允许存在的，如果追求被禁止的享受和价值观，将会受到威胁，甚至造成某个个体或社会整体生命的终结。

　　41. Competition， formerly between individual firms， is now mainly between nations， and is therefore conducted by methods quite different from those formulated by the classical economists.张锦芯考研英语疑难长句100句（3）

　　「译文」竞争过去是在公司之间展开，但现在主要成为国家之间的竞争，所以，经典经济学家们揭示的竞争方法已经不再适用。

　　42. We may say， therefore， speaking very generally， that men have used the increased productivity which they owe to science for three chief purposes in succession： first， to increase the population； then， to raise the standard of comfort； and， finally， to provide more energy to war.

　　「译文」因此，我们可以概而言之地说，科学的发展带来了生产率的提高，人们由此可以依次实现三个主要目的：第一，增加人口的数量；其次，提高舒适生活的标准；再次，为战争提供更多的能源。

　　43. Web browsers！ Interactive software！ Theres a lot of new technology talk going on in public relations these days， and its coming from a variety of sources.

　　「译文」网页浏览器！交互式软件！最近，在公共关系中人们大谈特谈新技术，而且各种各样的人都加入了进来。

　　44. The foundations of good public relations remain the same： anticipating and meeting the needs of clients and the media， and providing informed and useful counsel.

　　「译文」建立良好公共关系的基础没有变：考虑并满足顾客和媒体的需要，为之提供有根据的有用咨询。

　　45. The delivery system is part of the message and contributes to the overall image， so the practitioner should consider how that system affects the client， the product， and the audiences.

　　「译文」交货方式是公司信息的组成部分，影响到公司的整体形象，因此，实际负责的人应该考虑这种交货方式对消费者、产品和观众产生的影响。

　　46. In the last presidential election， more than one candidate had problems with their personal web-pages because webmasters were not kept up to date on changes in campaign strategy and messages.

　　「译文」在上次的总统选举中，不止一位参选者的个人网页存在问题，因为站点管理员没有及时更新网上的竞选策略和竞选信息。

　　47. They believe that those regulations， which exclude most poor husband and wife families from Aid to Families with Dependent Children （AFDC） assistance grants， contribute to the problem of family dissolution.

　　「译文」这些规定将最贫困的夫妻家庭排斥在“救助有受抚养子女的家庭（简称AFDC）”的救济金补助范围之外，他们认为，这造成了家庭的破裂。

　　48. The third type is the unhappily married couple， who remain together out of a sense of economic responsibility for their children， because of the high costs of separation， or because of the consumption benefits of marriage.

　　「译文」第三类是婚姻不幸福的家庭，夫妻不离异只是由于对孩子经济上的责任感，因为离异的代价很高，或者为了取得结婚家庭的消费补助。

　　49. Much of the variation in marital stability across income classes can be explained by the variation in costs of dissolution imposed by society， such as division of property， and child support.

　　「译文」在不同收入的阶层中，婚姻的稳定与否，在很大程度上取决于在某个社会中离异所导致的代价的高低，如财产的分配、子女的抚养问题。

　　50. To the extent that welfare is a form of governmentsubsidized AFDC payments， it reduces the costs of separation and guarantees a minimal standard of living for wife and children.

　　「译文」由于补助金是政府补助的一种“救助有受抚养子女的家庭”的津贴，它起到了降低离异代价、保障妻子和子女最低生活水平的作用。

　　51. So welfare opportunities are a significant determinant of family instability in poor neighborhoods， but this is not the result of AFDC regulations that exclude most intact families from coverage.

　　「译文」因此，获得福利补贴的机会，在贫穷阶层的人中是导致家庭破裂的一个重要决定因素，但是，这不是“救助有受抚养子女的家庭”政策所导致的，何况多数完好家庭也不属于补助范围。

　　52. Rather， welfarerelated instability occurs because public assistance lowers both the benefits of marriage and the costs of its breach by providing a system of governmentsubsidized payments.

　　「译文」相反，由福利制度导致的家庭破裂之所以发生，是因为公共救助计划提供了一种政府补助体制，它不仅减少了婚姻的利益，而且降低了破裂的代价。

　　53. The warning signs can be difficult enough to recognize； but the problem of identifying major depression in teens is further complicated by the fact that even these ambiguous signs are not always present.

　　「译文」警告信号可能很难辨认，但是，即使这些含糊的信号也不一定总是存在，这一事实使辨认青少年身上所表现出的重大消沉情绪的问题变得更加复杂。

　　54. They are using what we know as signs， to communicate with each other about some situation that is present at that moment： gathering the group， alarm， hunting， mating.

　　「译文」他们使用我们称做符号的东西，相互之间在谈论着此时此刻所发生的事情：如集合、警告、猎取、交配等。

　　55. Is it possible to imagine something as highly refined and subtle as the cave paintings of 15，000 years ago without language to enable manipulation and transference of ideas？

　　「译文」如果没有语言来构思和传达思想，怎么想像能创作出15 000年前如此精美细致的洞穴绘画呢？

　　56. Possession of language is a defining mark of our humanity， and it has been faithfully accompanying us ever since our branch first emerged as a distinct species.

　　「译文」拥有语言是我们人类的一个区别性标志，自我们作为一个特殊的物种存在以来，语言能力一直伴随着我们。

　　57. In Prague， when Tomas and Tereza brought a new chair or moved a flower pot， Karenin would look on in displeasure. It disturbed his sense of time. Nonetheless， he soon managed to reestablish the old order and old rituals in the Zurich flat.

　　「译文」在布拉格，当托马斯和特里萨买把新椅子，或移动花盆时，卡列宁会感到很不高兴。这搅乱了他的时间意识。但是，在苏黎世的公寓里，他很快就恢复了过去的秩序和旧礼节。

　　58. In periods of despair， she would remind herself she had to hold on because of him， because he was weaker than she， weaker perhaps even than Dubcek and their abandoned homeland.

　　「译文」在绝望时刻，她总是提醒自己要为他而坚持下去，因为他比她更脆弱，甚至也许比杜布切克和他们离开的祖国还要脆弱。

　　59. When she said that Tomas wasn‘t there and she didn’t know when he‘d be back， the woman on the other end of the line started laughing and， without saying good-bye， hung up.

　　「译文」当她说托马斯不在，不知道什么时候能回来时，电话另一端的那个女人大笑了起来，没说再见就挂断了电话。

　　60. It was then that she realized she had lost the last bit of strength she had had at home； she was absolutely incapable of tolerating this absolutely insignificant incident.

　　「译文」恰恰在那时，她意识到自己在家时曾拥有的力量已经消失殆尽；她根本无法忍受这件鸡毛蒜皮的小事