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万圣节在每年的11月1日，是西方传统节日。然而现在大家都庆祝“万圣节前夕”（Halloween），也就是在10月31日庆祝。
万圣节源自古代凯尔特民族（Celtic）的新年节庆，此时也是祭祀亡魂的时刻，在避免恶灵干扰的同时，也以食物祭拜祖灵及善灵以祈平安渡过严冬。当晚小孩会穿上化妆服，戴上面具，挨家挨户收集糖果。
HAPPY HALLOWEEN!
On 31st October, the night before All Saints' Day, Americans, Scots and Irish people celebrate Halloween : they dress up as witches and ghosts, have parties, tell ghost stories and play games. Halloween is the second biggest celebration in America after Christmas. Every year Americans spend more than $2.5 billion on sweets, cards, costumes and decorations. More than 66 per cent of houses are decorated.
Halloween was originally a Celtic festival called Samhain celebrating the New Year. Celts believed that the dead could come back to the world on that day. So people wore costumes like witches and ghosts. Today, Irish and Scottish kids dress up for Halloween, and they visit houses and sing a song or tell a joke. If they don't get sweets, they play a trick.
Irish and Scottish immigrants took Halloween to America. American kids started celebrating Halloween in the 1950s. Halloween is an annual celebration, but just what is it actually a celebration of? And how did this peculiar custom originate?
英语口语对话：谈论怎么过万圣节
One story says that, on that day, the disembodied spirits of all those who had died throughout the preceding year would come back in search of living bodies to possess for the next year. The Celts believed all laws of space and time were suspended during this time, allowing the spirit world to intermingle with the living.
Naturally, the still-living did not want to be possessed. So on the night of October 31, villagers would extinguish the fires in their homes, to make them cold and undesirable.
They would then dress up in all manner of ghoulish costumes and noisily paraded around the neighbourhood, being as destructive as possible in order to frighten away spirits looking for bodies to possess.
Some accounts tell of how the Celts would burn someone at the stake that was thought to have already been possessed, as sort of a lesson to the spirits.
The Romans adopted the Celtic practices as their own and in the first century it was assimilated into celebrations of some of the other Roman traditions that took place in October, such as their day to honour Pomona, the Roman goddess of fruit and trees. The symbol of Pomona is the apple, which might explain the origin of our modern tradition of bobbing for apples on Halloween.
The custom of Halloween was brought to America in the 1840's by Irish immigrants fleeing their country's famine.
英语口语：万圣节看鬼怪僵尸的英语表达
The custom of trick-or-treating is thought to have originated not with the Irish Celts, but with a ninth-century European custom called souling. On November 2, All Souls Day, early Christians would walk from village to village begging for 'soul cakes,' made out of square pieces of bread with currants.
The Jack-o-lantern custom probably comes from Irish folklore. As the tale is told, a man named Jack, who was notorious as a drunkard and trickster, tricked Satan into climbing a tree. Jack then carved an image of a cross in the tree's trunk, trapping the devil up the tree. Jack made a deal with the devil that, if he would never tempt him again, he would promise to let him down the tree.
According to the folk tale, after Jack died, he was denied entrance to Heaven because of his evil ways, but he was also denied access to Hell because he had tricked the devil. Instead, the devil gave him a single ember to light his way through the frigid darkness.
The ember was placed inside a hollowed-out turnip（挖空的萝卜里） to keep it glowing longer. The Irish used turnips as their 'Jack's lanterns' originally. But when the immigrants came to America, they found thatpumpkins（南瓜） were far more plentiful than turnips. So the Jack-O-Lantern in America was a hollowed-out pumpkin, lit with an ember.
Today, even many churches have Halloween parties or pumpkin carving events for the kids. | 
发表于 2014-10-30 16:22
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发表于 2014-10-30 22:21
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