leisure time activities leisure, activities, time

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Conversation A : On the Train
FEMALE: Good afternoon. May I sit here?
MARTIN: Of course. Please.
FEMALE: I am Dr Darejan Mamoulishvili.
MARTIN: I'm Martin Learner.
FEMALE: Are you going to New York, Mr Learner?
MARTIN: Yes, I am. I have some work there.
FEMALE: What do you do?
MARTIN: I'm a reporter.
FEMALE: Very nice.
MARTIN: What do you do?
FEMALE: I'm a doctor.
MARTIN: Are you a medical doctor?
FEMALE: Yes. I'm a children's doctor.
MARTIN: Wonderful! Are you going to New York?
FEMALE: Yes, I am.
MARTIN: Do you have work there?
FEMALE: No, I don't. I am on vacation.
MARTIN: Where are you from?
FEMALE: I am from Georgia.
MARTIN: Are you from Atlanta? You don't sound Georgian.
FEMALE: No, I am not from Georgia in America. I am from Georgia in Europe.
MARTIN: Where are you from in Georgia?
FEMALE: I'm from Tbilisi.
MARTIN: Do you work in Tbilisi?
FEMALE: Sometimes. I worked in Moscow last month.
FEMALE: I worked in Kiev last year.
MARTIN: Do you have friends in New York?
FEMALE: Yes, I do. I worked in New York.
MARTIN: How long did you work in New York.
FEMALE: Only one year.
MARTIN: When did you work in New York?
FEMALE: Five years ago. But I visited New York, too.
MARTIN: When did you visit New York?
FEMALE: Ten years ago. Three years ago. And last year.
MARTIN: Who do you visit?
FEMALE: I visit my doctor friends. I visit hospitals.
MARTIN: You have a working vacation.
FEMALE: That's right. I was working in Atlanta.
MARTIN: Atlanta, Georgia? Georgia in the United States?
FEMALE: That's right. Georgia in America.
MARTIN: When were you in Georgia?
FEMALE: I was in Georgia last week. I visited the Centers for Disease Control.
MARTIN: Who did you visit?
FEMALE: It was a meeting. I met with children's doctors. We talked about children's diseases.
MARTIN: When did you meet?
FEMALE: We met last Thursday and Friday.
Practice 1：when 引导的过去时的特殊疑问句，回答时常用过去的时间短语，如“five years ago(一段时间名词+ago)，last year(last+点时间名词)”。
Examples:  MARTIN: When did you work in New York?
FEMALE: Five years ago. But I visited New York, too.
MARTIN: When did you visit New York.
FEMALE: Ten years ago.
MARTIN: When were you in Georgia?
FEMALE: I was in Georgia last week.
MARTIN: When did you meet?
FEMALE: We met last Thursday.
会话 A : 在火车上
女    ：下午好，我可以坐这儿吗?
马  丁：当然可以，请坐。
女    ：我是达里詹·默莫利什维利医生。
马  丁：我叫马丁·勒纳。
女    ：勒纳先生，你去纽约吗?
马  丁：是的，我去那里办点事。
女    ：你做什么工作?
马  丁：我是记者。
女    ：很好。
马  丁：你做什么工作?
女    ：我是医生。马  丁：你是医生吗?
女    ：是的，我是儿科医生。
马  丁：好极了!你去纽约吗?
女    ：是的。
马  丁：你去那里办事吗?
女    ：不是，我去度假。
马  丁：你是哪儿的人?
女    ：我是格鲁吉亚人。
马  丁：你是亚特兰大人吗?你听起来不像乔治亚人。
女    ：不，我不是来自美国的乔治亚，我是来自欧洲的格鲁吉亚。
马  丁：你是格鲁吉亚什么地方的人?
女    ：第比利斯人。
马  丁：你在第比利斯工作吗?
女    ：有时在，我上月在莫斯科工作，我去年在基辅工作。
马  丁：你在纽约有朋友吗?
女    ：有，我在纽约工作过。
马  丁：你在纽约工作了多久?
女    ：仅一年。
马  丁：你什么时候在纽约工作的?
女    ：五年前，但我过去也去过纽约。
马  丁：你过去什么时候去过纽约?
女    ：10年前，3年前，还有去年。
马  丁：作去拜访谁?
女    ：我去拜访我的医生朋友，我参观医院。
马  丁：你是度工作假期。
女    ：不错，我曾在亚特兰大工作。
马  丁：亚特兰大，乔治亚?美国的乔治亚?
女    ：对，美国的乔治亚。
马  丁：你什么时候去过乔治亚?
女    ：我上周去过乔治亚，去参观防疫中心。
马  丁：你去拜访谁?
女    ：去开个会，会见儿科医生，讨论儿科疾病。
马  丁：你们什么时候开会的?
女    ：我们上周四和周五开会。
Conversation B
MARTIN: When did you come to the United States?
FEMALE: I came last month.
MARTIN: What are you going to do in New york?
FEMALE: I'm going to visit friends. And I'm going to visit hospitals.
MARTIN: When do you visit family?
FEMALE: I don't have any family in America.
MARTIN: When do you visit family in Georgia?
FEMALE: I visit family during my vacation.
MARTIN: When is your vacation?
FEMALE: Sometimes my vacation is in the summer.
MARTIN: When did you visit your family?
FEMALE: I visited my family last summer. I worked in Kiev last year I visited my family during my vacation.
MARTIN: What do you like to do during your vacation?
FEMALE: I like to swim. I like to walk in the mountains.
MARTIN: Do you have mountains in Georgia?
FEMALE: Of course. We have many mountains and rivers.
FEMALE:  When do you go on vacation?
MARTIN: I go on vacation during the summer.
MARTIN: Sometimes I go during the winter.
FEMALE: What do you like to do?
MARTIN: I like to walk in the mountains, too. My wife likes to hear music and see plays.
FEMALE: When does she see plays?
MARTIN: She went to see a play last week.
FEMALE: Where did she see the play?
MARTIN: She saw the play in Baltimore. We live in Baltimore. She saw the play in New York, too.
FEMALE: When?
MARTIN: Last month.
FEMALE: Do you like music?
MARTIN: Yes, I do.
FEMALE: When do you listen to music?
MARTIN: I listen on the radio. I go to concerts.
FEMALE: When do you go to concerts?
MARTIN: I went to a concert last month.
FEMALE: Do you like sports?
MARTIN: Yes, I do. I like baseball. Do you like baseball.
FEMALE: No, I don't. When do you go to baseball.
MARTIN: We say baseball games.
FEMALE: You go to baseball games.
MARTIN: That's right.
FEMALE: When do you go to baseball games?
MARTIN: In the summer.
FEMALE: Did you go last summer?
MARTIN: Of course. I went with my family. I went with my friends, too.FEMALE: Do you like reading?
MARTIN: Yes, I do.
FEMALE: I like reading very much.
MARTIN: When do you like to read?
FEMALE: I like to read in the winter. I read Tolstoy in Kiev.
MARTIN: When did you read Tolstoy?
FEMALE: Last winter.
MARTIN: Do you read English books?
FEMALE: Sometimes. I like American books. I read Mark Twain.
MARTIN: When did you read Mark Twain?
FEMALE: Oh. Fifteen years ago. I was in school.
FEMALE: When did you play baseball?
MARTIN: Last summer. I played with my son and his friends. Do you like to travel?
FEMALE: Yes, I do. I meet new friends. I study. I work with new children. I like to travel.
MARTIN: Do you like sports?
FEMALE: Yes, I do. I like to play tennis.
MARTIN: I like to play tennis, too. When do you play?
FEMALE: I play when I travel. I played in Atlanta. I'm going to play in New York.
MARTIN: Would you like some coffee?
FEMALE: No, thank you. I don't like coffee.
Practice 2：when 引导的过去时的特殊疑问句结构是：“when+did+主语+动词原形+其它”。
Examples:  FEMALE: I studied in Moscow.
MARTIN: When did you study in Moscow?
会话 B
马  丁：你什么时候到美国来的?
女    ：我上个月来的。
马  丁：你来纽约做什么?
女    ：我将拜访朋友，并且参观医院。
马  丁：你什么时候探亲呢?
女    ：我在美国没有亲戚。
马  丁：你什么时候看望格鲁吉亚的亲戚?
女    ：我在假期探亲。
马  丁：你的假期是什么时候?
女    ：有时我的假期在夏天。
马  丁：你上一次是在什么时候探亲的?
女    ：去年夏天，我去年在基辅工作，我是在假期探亲的。
马  丁：在假期你都喜欢做什么?
女    ：我喜欢游泳，在山里散步。
马  丁：你们格鲁吉亚有山吗?
女    ：当然有，我们那儿有山有河。你什么时候度假?
马  丁：我在夏天度假，有时在冬天度假。
女    ：你喜欢干什么?
马  丁：我也喜欢在山里散步，我妻子喜欢听音乐，看戏。
女    ：她什么时候看戏?
马  丁：她上周看了一场戏。
女    ：她在哪儿看的戏?
马  丁：她在巴尔的摩看的，我们住在巴尔的摩，她还在纽约看过戏。
女    ：什么时候?
马  丁：上个月。
女    ：你喜欢音乐吗?
马  丁：喜欢。
女    ：你在哪儿听音乐?
马  丁：我用收音机听音乐，去音乐会听音乐。
女    ：你什么时候去听音乐会的?
马  丁：上个月。
女    ：你喜欢体育吗?
马  丁：喜欢，我喜欢棒球，你喜欢棒球吗?
女    ：不喜欢，你什么时候去看棒球?
马  丁：我们说成(看)棒球赛。
女    ：你去看棒球赛。
马  丁：对。
女    ：你什么时候去看棒球赛?
马  丁：在夏天。
女    ：你去年夏天去了吗?
马  丁：当然，我是和我的家人一起去的，也和朋友们一起去。
女    ：你喜欢读书吗?
马  丁：是的。喜欢。
女    ：我非常喜欢读书。
马  丁：你喜欢什么时候读书?
女    ：我喜欢在冬天读书，我在基辅读了托尔斯泰的作品。
马  丁：你什么时候读的托尔斯泰作品?
女    ：去年冬天?
马  丁：你看英语书吗?
女    ：有时看，我喜欢美国书，我读过马克·吐温的作品。
马  丁：你什么时候读的马克·吐温的作品。
女    ：噢，15年前，我在上学的时候。
女    ：你上次是什么时候打棒球的?
马  丁：去年夏天，我和我儿子还有他的朋友一起打的。你喜欢旅行吗?
女    ：是的，喜欢。我结识新朋友，学习，给陌生的小孩看病，我喜欢旅行。
马  丁：你喜欢体育吗?
女    ：是的，喜欢。我喜欢打网球。
马  丁：我也喜欢打网球，你什么时候打网球?
女    ：我旅行的时候打网球，我在亚特兰大打过，我还将在纽约打网球。
马  丁：你要些咖啡吗?
女    ：不要，谢谢。我不喜欢咖啡。

New Words and Expressions 生词和短语

leisure    n. 空闲；闲暇
medical    adj. 医学的
vacation    n. 假期；休假
Europe    n. 欧洲
hospital    n. 医院
disease    n. 疾病
control    n. 控制
Center for Disease Control  防疫站；防疫中心
concert    n. 音乐会

Proper Nouns 专有名词
Georgia(n.)    (美)乔治亚(人)；(苏)格鲁吉亚(人)
Atlanta     亚特兰大市
Tbilisi    第比利斯市
Moscow     莫斯科市
Kiev    基辅市
Tolstoy    托尔斯泰
Mark Twain    马克·吐温

Language Points 语言要点
1 . be on vacation 度假，go on vacation 去度假，working vacation 工作假期，   during one's vacation 在假期期间。
2 . when 引导的特殊疑问句，可以询问过去的活动，也可询问现在经常进行的活动。它问的是个时间点，若问段时间，就得用 how long。
例如：   
When did you work in New York? 你什么时候在纽约工作的?   
Five years ago. 5年前。   
When do you like to read? 你什么时候喜欢读书?   
I like to read in the winter. 我喜欢在冬季读书。   
How long did you work in New York? 你在纽约工作多久?   
Only one year. 只有一年。
3．“喜欢做某事”有两种表达法：“like+动名词(v-ing) like+不定式(to do sth.)”。例如：   
I like reading very much. 我非常喜欢读书。   
I like to walk in the mountains. 我喜欢在山间散步。
4．doctor 可以是“医生”，也可以是“博士”。只说 doctor，在英语中分不出是哪个，故马丁问是不是 medical doctor，是想问谁是不是医生。
5．Georgia 在汉语中，根据不同国家译成两个名字，其实，是一个单词。碰巧，该地名在前苏联和美国都有，这种重名现象，导致了马丁问是美国的 Georgia，还是前苏联的 Georgia。

Cultural Notes  文化注释
火车车厢分为头等和二等。头等车厢叫做 pullman，就是卧铺，每位旅客都订有专供睡觉休息用的铺位(berth)。二等车厢就是 coach，是一般的普通座位。在横跨美国大陆的长途火车上，另外设有二层的了望车厢(vista-dome car)、餐车(dinning car)、自助餐车(buffet car)和交谊餐车(club lounge car)等。为了方便外国旅客观光游览，铁路公司特别出售铁路优待证(USA Rail Pass)，价格相当低廉。   
美国最大的铁路公司叫 Amtrak (the National Railway Passenger Corporation 国家铁路客运公司)，它是由国会在1971年创建，用以改善城市间铁路客运。今天，Amtrak 系统已经覆盖美国44州500多个城市，铁路线长达25,000英里。